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\(1.\text{ }\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{k}-\sqrt{k+1}}=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{k}+\sqrt{k+1}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{k}+\sqrt{k+1}\right)\left(\sqrt{k}-\sqrt{k+1}\right)}\\ =-\left(\sqrt{k}+\sqrt{k+1}\right)\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1}-\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{4}}-...-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{8}-\sqrt{9}}\\ =-\left(\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}\right)+\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}\right)-\left(\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}\right)+...+\left(\sqrt{8}+\sqrt{9}\right)\\ =-\sqrt{1}-\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{4}+...+\sqrt{8}+\sqrt{9}\\ \\ =\sqrt{9}-\sqrt{1}=2\)
\(2.\text{ }\dfrac{1}{\left(k+1\right)\sqrt{k}+\sqrt{k+1}k}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{k\left(k+1\right)}\left(\sqrt{k+1}+\sqrt{k}\right)}\\ =\dfrac{\sqrt{k+1}-\sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{k\left(k+1\right)}\left(\sqrt{k+1}+\sqrt{k}\right)\left(\sqrt{k+1}-\sqrt{k}\right)}\\ =\dfrac{\sqrt{k+1}-\sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{k\left(k+1\right)}\left(k+1-k\right)}=\dfrac{\sqrt{k+1}-\sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{k\left(k+1\right)}}\\ =\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{k}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{k+1}}\\ \Rightarrow\text{ }\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{1}+1\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{3\sqrt{2}+2\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{7\sqrt{6}+6\sqrt{7}}\\ =\text{ }\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{6}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{7}}\\ =\text{ }\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{7}}\\ \text{ }1-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{7}}\)
1.\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1}-\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{4}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{5}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{6}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{7}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{7}-\sqrt{8}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{8}-\sqrt{9}}=\dfrac{1+\sqrt{2}}{1-2}-\dfrac{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}{2-3}+\dfrac{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}{3-4}-\dfrac{\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{5}}{4-5}+\dfrac{\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{6}}{5-6}-\dfrac{\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{7}}{6-7}+\dfrac{\sqrt{7}+\sqrt{8}}{7-8}-\dfrac{\sqrt{8}+\sqrt{9}}{8-9}=-1-\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{7}-\sqrt{7}-\sqrt{8}+\sqrt{8}+\sqrt{9}=\sqrt{9}-1=3-1=2\)
\(b,\frac{2+\sqrt{3}}{1-\sqrt{4-2\sqrt{3}}}+\frac{2-\sqrt{3}}{1+\sqrt{4+2\sqrt{3}}}\)
\(=\frac{2+\sqrt{3}}{1-\sqrt{3-2\sqrt{3}+1}}+\frac{2-\sqrt{3}}{1+\sqrt{3+2\sqrt{3}+1}}\)
\(=\frac{2+\sqrt{3}}{1-\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)^2}}+\frac{2-\sqrt{3}}{1+\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)^2}}\)
\(=\frac{2+\sqrt{3}}{1-\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)}+\frac{2-\sqrt{3}}{1+\sqrt{3}+1}\)
\(=\frac{2+\sqrt{3}}{2-\sqrt{3}}+\frac{2-\sqrt{3}}{2+\sqrt{3}}\)
\(=\frac{\left(2+\sqrt{3}\right)^2}{\left(2-\sqrt{3}\right)\left(2+\sqrt{3}\right)}+\frac{\left(2-\sqrt{3}\right)^2}{\left(2-\sqrt{3}\right)\left(2+\sqrt{3}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{4+4\sqrt{3}+3+4-4\sqrt{3}+3}{4-3}\)
\(=14\)
\(a,\frac{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{8}+\sqrt{16}}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+4+\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{8}}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+2}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+2}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+2}+\frac{\sqrt{2}.\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{2}.\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2}.2}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+2}\)
\(=1+\frac{\sqrt{2}\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+2\right)}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+2}\)
\(=1+\sqrt{2}\)
\(P=\left(12-6\sqrt{3}\right)\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{14-8\sqrt{3}}}-3\sqrt{2\left(1-\sqrt{-2\sqrt{3}+4}\right)+2\sqrt{4+2\sqrt{3}}}=\left(12-6\sqrt{3}\right)\sqrt{\dfrac{3\left(14+8\sqrt{3}\right)}{\left(14-8\sqrt{3}\right)\left(14+8\sqrt{3}\right)}}-3\sqrt{2\left(1-\sqrt{3-2\sqrt{3}+1}\right)+2\sqrt{3+2\sqrt{3}+1}}\)\(=\left(12-6\sqrt{3}\right)\sqrt{\dfrac{42+24\sqrt{3}}{4}}-3\sqrt{2\left(1-\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)^2}\right)+2\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)^2}}=\dfrac{6\sqrt{\left(2-\sqrt{3}\right)^2\left(42+24\sqrt{3}\right)}}{2}-3\sqrt{2\left(1-\sqrt{3}+1\right)+2\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)}=3\sqrt{\left(7-4\sqrt{3}\right)\left(42+24\sqrt{3}\right)}-3\sqrt{2-2\sqrt{3}+2+2\sqrt{3}+2}=3\sqrt{294+168\sqrt{3}-168\sqrt{3}-288}-3\sqrt{6}=3\sqrt{6}-3\sqrt{6}=0\)
\(\frac{4+\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{8}}{2+\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}}\)
\(=\frac{\left(\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{2}\right)-\left(\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{6}\right)+\left(\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{8}\right)}{2+\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}}\) ( Tách 4 thành \(\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{4}\) )
\(=\frac{\sqrt{2}\left(\sqrt{2}+1\right)-\sqrt{3}\left(1+\sqrt{2}\right)+\sqrt{4}\left(1+\sqrt{2}\right)}{2+\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}}\)
\(=\frac{\left(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{2}+1\right)}{2+\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}}\)
\(=\sqrt{2}+1\)
\(=\frac{2+\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}+2-\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{8}}{2+\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}}=1+\frac{\sqrt{2}\left(2+\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}\right)}{2+\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}}=1+\sqrt{2}\)
Ta có:
\(\frac{4+\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{8}}{2+\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}}\)
\(=\frac{2+\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}+2-\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{8}}{2+\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}}\)
\(=1+\frac{\sqrt{2}(2+\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3})}{2+\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}}\)
\(=1+\sqrt{2}\)
Vậy \(\frac{4+\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{8}}{2+\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}}=1+\sqrt{2}\)
đặt: \(A=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{8}+4}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A-1=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{8}+4}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}-1\\ \Leftrightarrow A-1=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{8}+4-\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{4}}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}\\ \Leftrightarrow A-1=\dfrac{\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{8}+\sqrt{4}}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}\\ \Leftrightarrow A-1=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}\right)}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}\\ \Leftrightarrow A-1=\sqrt{2}\Rightarrow A=\sqrt{2}+1\)
\(A=-\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{4}+....-\sqrt{7}-\sqrt{8}+\sqrt{8}+\sqrt{9}\)
\(A=\sqrt{9}-\sqrt{1}=3-1=2\)
a: \(=\dfrac{6}{4+\sqrt{3}-1}=\dfrac{6}{3+\sqrt{3}}=3-\sqrt{3}\)
b: \(=\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{6}\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)}{2\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)}-2\sqrt{6}\right)\cdot\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{6}}=\sqrt{6}\cdot\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{6}}\left(\dfrac{1}{2}-2\right)=-\dfrac{3}{2}\)
a) \(\frac{\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{14}}{2\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{28}}=\frac{\sqrt{2}\left(\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{7}\right)}{2\left(\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{7}\right)}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\)
b) \(\frac{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{8}+\sqrt{16}}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}\)
\(=\frac{\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}\right)+\left(\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{8}\right)}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}\)
\(=\frac{\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}\right)\left(1+\sqrt{2}\right)}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}\)
\(=1+\sqrt{2}\)
\(\dfrac{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{8}+4}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}\)
= \(\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+2\right)+\left(\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{8}+2\right)}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+2}\)
= \(\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+2\right)+\sqrt{2}\left(\sqrt{3}+2+\sqrt{2}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+2\right)}\)
= \(\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+2\right)\times\left(1+\sqrt{2}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+2\right)}\)
= 1 + \(\sqrt{2}\)