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Câu 1:
Ta có: \(\left(\dfrac{a+b}{2}\right)^2\ge ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2^2}-ab\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2+2ab+b^2-4ab}{4}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2-2ab+b^2}{4}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{4}\ge0\)
Vì \(\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\forall a,b\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{4}\ge0\forall a,b\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{a+b}{2}\right)^2\ge ab\) (1)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}\ge\left(\dfrac{a+b}{2}\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}-\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2a^2-2b^2-a^2-2ab-b^2}{4}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2-2ab-b^2}{4}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{4}\ge0\)
Vì \(\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\forall a,b\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{4}\ge0\forall a,b\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}\ge\left(\dfrac{a+b}{2}\right)^2\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow ab\le\left(\dfrac{a+b}{2}\right)^2\le\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}\)
5 , a3+b3+c3\(\ge\) 3abc
\(\Leftrightarrow\) a3+3a2b+3ab2+b3+c3-3a2b-3ab2-3abc\(\ge\) 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) (a+b)3+c3-3ab(a+b+c) \(\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) (a+b+c)(a2+2ab+b2-ac-bc+c2)-3ab(a+b+c) \(\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) (a+b+c)(a2+b2+c2-ab-bc-ca)\(\ge0\) (1)
ta co : a,b,c>0 \(\Rightarrow\)a+b+c>0 (2)
(a-b)2+(b-c)2+(c-a)2\(\ge0\)
<=> 2a2+2b2+2c2-2ac-2cb-2ab\(\ge0\)
<=>a2+b2+c2-ab-bc-ac\(\ge\) 0 (3)
Từ (1)(2)(3)=> pt luôn đúng
a) A = a3 + b3 = (a + b)(a2 - ab + b2) = (a + b)3 - 3ab(a + b)
= 23 - 3.(-1).2 = 8 + 6 = 14
b) B = a4 + b4 = a4 - 2a2b2 + b4 + 2a2b2 = (a2 - b2)2 + 2a2b2
= (a - b)2(a + b)2 + 2(ab)2 = (a2 - 2ab + b2)(a + b)2 + 2(ab)2
= (a + b)4 + 2(ab)2 - 4ab(a + b)2 = 24 + 2.(-1)2 - 4.(-1).22 = 16 + 2 + 16 = 34
c) Ta có: a2 + b2 = (a2 + 2ab + b2) - 2ab = (a + b)2 - 2ab = 22 - 2.(-1) = 4 + 2 = 6
=> (a2 + b2)(a3 + b3) = 6.14 = 84
=> a5 + a2b3 + a3b2 + b5 = a5 + b5 + a2b2(a + b) = 84
=>C = 84 - (ab)2(a + b) = 84 - (-1)2.2 = 82
d) D = a6 + b6 = a6 + 3a4b2 + 3a2b4 + a6 - 3a2b2(a2 + b2) = (a2 + b2)3 - 3(ab)2(a2 + b2) = 63 - 3(-1)2. 6 = 198
a) Ta có : a + b = 2
=> (a + b)3 = 8
=> a3 + b3 + 3a2b + 3ab2 = 8
=> a3 + b3 + 3ab(a + b) = 8
=> a3 + b3 - 6 = 8
=> a3 + b3 = 14
b) Ta có a + b = 2
=> (a + b)4 = 16
=> a4 + b4 + 4a3b + 4ab3 = 16
=> a4 + b4 + 4ab(a2 + b2) = 16 (1)
Lại có a + b = 2
=> (a + b)2 = 4
=> a2 + b2 + 2ab = 4
=> a2 + b2 = 6
Khi đó (1) <=> a4 + b4 - 24 = 16
=> a4 + b4 = 40
c) a + b = 2
=> (a + b)5 = 32
=> a5 + b5 + 5a4b + 5ab4 = 32
=> a5 + b5 + 5ab(a3 + b3) = 32
Vận dụng kết quả câu b
=> a5 + b5 - 70 = 32
a5 + b5 = 102
d) a + b = 2
=> (a + b)6 = 64
=> a6 + b6 + 6a5b + 6ab5 = 64
=> a6 + b6 + 6ab(a4 + b4) = 64
Vận dụng kết quả câu c
=> a6 + b6 - 240 = 64
=> a6 + b6 = 304
làm a) còn b);c) tương tự
A = (a + b)2 - 2ab = 100 - 8 = 92
Câu 3:
a: \(G=\dfrac{a^2}{b\left(a+b\right)}-\dfrac{b^2}{a\left(a-b\right)}+\dfrac{-\left(a^2+b^2\right)}{ab}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^3\left(a-b\right)-b^3\left(a+b\right)-\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(a^2-b^2\right)}{ab\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^4-a^3b-ab^3-b^4-a^4+b^4}{ab\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{-ab\left(a^2+b^2\right)}{ab\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)}=\dfrac{-a^2-b^2}{a^2-b^2}\)
b: \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{a+1}{b+5}\)
nên ab+5a=ab+b
=>5a=b
\(G=\dfrac{-a^2-\left(5a\right)^2}{a^2-\left(5a\right)^2}=\dfrac{-a^2-25a^2}{a^2-25a^2}=\dfrac{-26}{-24}=\dfrac{13}{12}\)
Vì \(a+b=3\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2=9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+2ab=9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2=7\)
Vì \(a+b=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3=27\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+3ab\left(a+b\right)=27\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3=18\)
a, \(a+b=10\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2=10^2\Rightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2=100\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2=100-2ab\Rightarrow a^2+b^2=100-2.4\Rightarrow a^2+b^2=100-8\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2=92\). Vậy \(a^2+b^2=92\)
b, \(a+b=10\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3=10^3\Rightarrow a^3+3a^2b+3ab^2+b^3=1000\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+3ab\left(a+b\right)=1000\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+3.4.10=1000\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+120=1000\Rightarrow a^3+b^3=880\). Vậy \(a^3+b^3=880\)
c, \(a+b=10\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)^4=10000\)
\(\Rightarrow a^4+4a^3b+6a^2b^2+4ab^3+b^4=10000\)
\(\Rightarrow a^4+b^4+4ab\left(a^2+b^2\right)+6\left(ab\right)^2=10000\)
\(\Rightarrow a^4+b^4+4.4.92+6.4^2=10000\Rightarrow a^4+b^4+992+96=10000\)
\(\Rightarrow a^4+b^4=8912\). Vậy \(a^4+b^4=8912\)
d, \(a+b=10\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)^5=100000\)
\(\Rightarrow a^5+5a^4b+10a^3b^2+10a^2b^3+5ab^4+b^5=100000\)
\(\Rightarrow a^5+b^5+5ab\left(a^3+b^3\right)+10a^2b^2\left(a+b\right)=100000\)
\(\Rightarrow a^5+b^5+5.4.880+10.4^2.10=100000\)
\(\Rightarrow a^5+b^5+17600+1600=100000\Rightarrow a^5+b^5=80800\)
Vậy \(a^5+b^5=80800\)
\(A=a^2+b^2=\left(a+b\right)^2-2ab=3^2-2.\left(-5\right)=19\)
\(B=a^4+b^4=\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2-2\left(ab\right)^2=19^2-2.\left(-5\right)^2=311\)