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I. Rewrite the following sentences
1. My father said I could use his car
=> My father allowed me to use his car
2. Scientist began to carry out researches on AIDS in 1980
=> Researches on AIDS began to be carried out in 1980 by scientist
3. That girl is very beautiful
=> How beautiful girl is !
4. The last time I wrote to him was in 1996
=> I haven't written to him since 1996.
5. It took him onl ten minutes to get there
=> He spent only ten minutes getting there.
6. I didn't meet him yesterday so I couldn't tell him about that
=> If I had met him yesterday, I could have told him about that.
7. Could you turn the radio down please?
=> Would you mind turning the radio down ?
8. The man was very tired, so he didn't answer my question
=> The man was too tired to answer my question.
9. Nobody could move the piano. It was too heavy
=> It was such a heavy piano that nobody could move it.
10. You'd better apologize to Sally
=> I advice you to apologize to Sally.
11. The last time I saw her was in 1985
=> I haven't seen her since 1985.
12. That meal was excellent
=> How excellent meal was!
13. That factory is producing more and more pollution
=> More and more pollution is being produced by that factory.
14. We must leave now or we'll miss the train
=> If we don't leave now, we'll miss the train
15. She is a faster and more careless driver than I am
=> She drives more fast and more carelessly than I do.
16. How old do you think this building is?
=> When do you think this building was built?
17. He is sorry now that he didn't invite Jane to his party
=> He wishes that he had invited Jane to his party.
18. This furniture is so old that it is not worth keeping
=> This is such so furniture that it is not worth keeping.
19. We spent five hours getting to London
=> It took us five hours to get to London.
20. When I arrived in London, I wrote a letter home
=> On my arrival to London, I wrote a letter home.
II. Rewrite these sentences as directed in parentheses
1. All the teachers love him because his behaviour is good
=> Because of his good behaviour, all the teachers love him.
2. He gave up his job because he was ill
=> Because of his illness, he gave up his job.
3. Because of the darkness, he couldn't read the letter
=> Because it was dark, he couldn't read the letter.
4. Mr. David no longer works here
=> No longer does Mr David work here.
5. I didn't have time. I didn't go shopping
=> If I had had time, I would have gone shopping.
6. They had converted the major part of the temple into ''Lenin's room''
=> The major part of the temple had been converted into ''Lenin's room''
7. I'm sorry that I didn't learnt to type
=> I wish I had learnt to type.
8. She has to quit smoking or she will die
=> If she doesn't quit smoking, she will die.
9. He spent a whole day repairing the radio
=> It took him a whole day repairing the radio.
10. More newspapers are being sold in this city
=> People are selling more newspapers in this city.
11. She sings more beautifully than you do
=> You don't sing as beautifully as she does.
12. You had to pay the bill before the fifth of the month
=> The bill had to be paid before the fifth of the month.
13. The tea was too hot for her to drink
=> The tea was so hot that she couldn't drink it.
14. If is doesn't rain, they will go for a picnic
=> Unless it rains, they will go for a picnic
15. The child will die it nobody sends for a doctor
=> Unless somebody sends for a doctor, the child will die.
16. I don't have enough money, so I can't buy a computer
=> If I had enough money , I could buy a computer.
17. If you don't rest yourself you will be ill
=> Unless you rest yourself, you will be ill.
18. It was such a crazy story that nobody belive it
=> The story was so crazy that nobody believe it.
19. They had such a good crop that they decided to give a party
=> Their crop was so good that they decided to give a party.
20. ''How long will it take us to get there?'' she said
=> She wanted to know how long it would take them to get there.
Exercise 1: Rewrite the following sentences that keep the same meaning.
1. It isn’t necessary to finish the work to day.
=> You don’t ……have to finish the work today.…………..
2. Sally finally managed to get a job.
=> Sally finally succeeded …in getting a job.…………….
3. That’s the last time I go to that restaurant.
=> I certainly………won’t go to that restaurant any more.……
4. “I advise you to take a holiday,” the doctor continued.
=> You’d ……better take a holiday.…..
5. If you don’t rest yourself you really will be ill.
=> Unless ………you rest yourself you really will be ill.………….
6. I should someone to take me out to dinner.
=> What I should …………like is being/ to be taken out to dinner.……..………..
7. Martin may not be very well but he still manages to enjoy life.
=> Martin’s poor ………..…health doesn’t / can’t prevent / stop him ( from ) enjoying life.……..
8. They’ll have to take the dog on holiday with them.
=> They can’t leave ……… their dog behind when they go/are on holiday.………..…….
9. My aunt got heavily stressed because her marriage broke up.
=> The break-up of the marriage…………made my aunt heavily stressed.…
10. I can’t believe that he passed the exam.
=> I find…………it hard to believe that he passed the exam.……………
Exercise 2: Rewrite the following sentences that keep the same meaning.
1. This is the fastest way to get to the city center.
=> There …………is no faster way than this to get to the city center........................
2. If anyone succeeds in solving the problems, it will probably be him.
=> He is the most ……ly person to succeed in solving the problems.........
3. We arrived too late to see the first film.
=> We didn’t …………arrive early enough to see the first film.............
4. “Would you mind not smoking in here?”
=> I’d rather …….you didn’t smoke in here.....
5. He wrote the letter in two hours.
=> It took ……......him 2 hours to write the letter..........
6. “Why don’t we go out for a walk?”
=> My father suggested …….we should go out for a while.…...........
7. In spite of his age, Mr. Benson runs 8 miles before breakfast.
=> Though ……..........Mr.Benson is old, He runs 8 miles before breakfast..
8. I was very interested in our conversation.
=> It was interesting .……....to talk to you........
9. Why did you do that ?
=> Whatever …….did you do that for ?.............?
10. These bookshelves are my own work.
=> I made ……these bookshelves myself.
EXERCISE I:Write who, that, which, or nothing to complete these sentences :
1.Have you got the money ___that________ I lent you yesterday ?
2.Peter, _____that______ I had seen earlier, wasn’t at the party.
3.This is the machine ____which_______ cost half a million pounds.
4.Mary, ______who_____ had been listening to the conversation, looked angry.
5.Have you read the book ___that________ I gave you ?
6.The hous, _____which______ they bought three months ago, looks lovely.
7.Mrs.Jackson, _____who______ had been very ill, died yesterday.
8.Is this the person ____who_______ stole your handbag ?
9.The dog, _____which______ had been very quiet, suddenly started barking.
10.I didn’t receive the letters ____that_______ she sent me.
11.My mother, _____who______ hadn’t been expecting visitors, looked surprised.
12.The old man, __who____ had been talking to them earlier, knew that they were in thebuilding.
13.The horse, _____which____ had been injured by the flying stones, was very frightened.
14.We didn’t like the secetary ____which_______ the agency sent.
15.I didn’t find the money _____which______ you said you’d left.
EXERCISE II :Join each pair of sentences using relative pronouns :
1.Thisis the man. I met him in Paris.
=> This is the man who met in Paris.
2.I wanted the painting. You bought it.
=>I wanted the painting which You bought .
3.This is the chair. My parents gave it to me
=>This is the chair which my parents gave to me
4.She’s the woman. She telephoned the police.
=>She’s the woman who telephoned the police.
5.He’s the person. He wanted to buy your house.
=>He’s the person who wanted to buy your house.
6.We threw out the computer. It never worked properly.
=>We threw out the computer which never worked properly.
7.This is the lion. It’s been ill recently.
=>This is the lion which has been ill recently.
8.The man was badly injured. He was driving the car.
=>The man was badly injured who was driving the car.
9.The children broke the window. They live in the next street.
=>The children broke the window who live in the next street.
10.That’s the woman. I was tellingyou about her.
=>That’s the woman who was telling you
1.Hoa found it easy to translate this poem into French.
<-->Hoa had no difficulty in trasnlating this poem into French
2.Thinking of making toys from used paper was his interesting idea.
<-->It's interesting that he thought of making toys from used paper
3.Mai said "It is raining heavily outside"
<-->Mai said it was raining heavily outside
4.France presented the Statue of Liberty to the United States in 1876.
<-->The Statue of Liberty was presented to the United States in 1876 by France
5.We couldn't drive fast because of the fog.
<-->The fog prevented us from driving fast
1.Hoa had no difficulties to translate this poem into French
2.It's interesting that he thought of making toys from used paper
3.Mai said that it was raining heavily outside
4.The Statue of Liberty was presented to the United States by France in 1876
5.The fog prevented us from driving fast
I. Rewrite the following sentences
1. My father often walks in the park with my mother every morning
=> My father often has a walk in the park with my mother every morning.
2. They seldom went to the cinema last year
=> Seldom went they to the cinema last year.
3. We didn't intend to go for a walk with them
=> We had not intention to go for a walk with them.
4. He doesn't smoke anymore, but he smoked a lot 2 year ago
=> He used to smoke a lot 2 years ago but he doesn't anymore.
5. Apples are usually cheaper than oranges
=> Apples are not usually as expensive as oranges.
6. My salary is high but his is very high
=> His salary is higher than my salary.
7. I can't cook as well as my mother does
=> My mother cooks better than I do.
8. Unless it stops raining, we won't go out
=> If it doesn't stop raining, we won't go out.
9. She didn't cook as well as you did
=> You cooked better than she does.
10. Unless someone has a key, we can't get into the house
=> We can only get into the house if someone has the key
11. Because of being careful, she didn't make any mistakes in her answers
=> Because she was careful, she didn't make any mistakes in her answers.
12. She said ''I'll spend my holiday in Italy next year''
=> She said that she would spend her holiday in Italy the next year.
13. She didn't buy it because the price was too high
=> Because of the high price, she didn't buy it.
14. We didn't go on holiday because we didn't have enough mone
=> If we had had enough money, we would have gone on holiday.
15. The question was so difficult that we can't answer it
=> The question was too difficult for us to answer.
II. Write the following sentences as directed
1. She has just completed the picture. The composition of the picture was suggested by me
=> The picture whose composition was suggested by me has just been completed.
2. Such a situation should never again be allowed to arise
=> Never again should never such a situation again be allowed to arise.
3. If you want to make your life worth living, make yourself useful
=> Making youself useful in order to make your life worth living.
4. They said he had left Paris secretly in his private car
=> It was said that he had left Paris secretly in his private car.
5. Tom didn't do his test well because he didn't study his lessons carefully
=> If Tom had studied his lessons carefully, he would have done his test well.
6. They had such a good crop that they decided to give a party
=> The crop was so good that they decided to give a party.
7. He made a great discovery. He took pride in it
=> He took pride in having made a great discovery.
8. You may be intelligent, but you should be careful about this
=> No matter how intelligent you are, you should be careful about this.
9. He asked me if I was ready to carry out other assignments
=> He said to me ''Are you ready to carry out other assignments ?''
10. ''Which of you has put the ink on my chair?'' The teacher said
=> The teacher asked me which of me had put the ink on her chair.
EXERCISE I:Write who, that, which, or nothing to complete these sentences :
1.Have you got the money _____which______ I lent you yesterday ?
2.Peter, _____whom______ I had seen earlier, wasn’t at the party. 3.This is the machine ______which_____ cost half a million pounds.
4.Mary, ______who_____ had been listening to the conversation, looked angry.
5.Have you read the book ___which________ I gave you ?
6.The hous, ______which_____ they bought three months ago, looks lovely.
7.Mrs.Jackson, ___who________ had been very ill, died yesterday.
8.Is this the person ___who________ stole your handbag ?
9.The dog, ______which_____ had been very quiet, suddenly started barking.
10.I didn’t receive the letters __which_________ she sent me.
11.My mother, ________who___ hadn’t been expecting visitors, looked surprised.
12.The old man, _who_____ had been talking to them earlier, knew that they were in thebuilding.
13.The horse, _____which____ had been injured by the flying stones, was very frightened.
14.We didn’t like the secetary __whom_________ the agency sent.
15.I didn’t find the money ______which_____ you said you’d left.
EXERCISE I:Write who, that, which, or nothing to complete these sentences :
1.Have you got the money ___that________ I lent you yesterday ?
2.Peter, _____that______ I had seen earlier, wasn’t at the party.
3.This is the machine ____which_______ cost half a million pounds.
4.Mary, ______who_____ had been listening to the conversation, looked angry.
5.Have you read the book ___that________ I gave you ?
6.The hous, _____which______ they bought three months ago, looks lovely.
7.Mrs.Jackson, _____who______ had been very ill, died yesterday.
8.Is this the person ____who_______ stole your handbag ?
9.The dog, _____which______ had been very quiet, suddenly started barking.
10.I didn’t receive the letters ____that_______ she sent me.
11.My mother, _____who______ hadn’t been expecting visitors, looked surprised.
12.The old man, __who____ had been talking to them earlier, knew that they were in thebuilding.
13.The horse, _____which____ had been injured by the flying stones, was very frightened.
14.We didn’t like the secetary ____which_______ the agency sent.
15.I didn’t find the money _____which______ you said you’d left.
I:Rewrite the following sentences using "because of"instead of "because"
1.English is learned by millions of students because it is important
-> English is learned by millions of students because of its importance
2.We couldn't go out because the weather was not fine
->We couldn't go out because of the bad weather
3.These students arrived late because they had an accident
->These students arrived late because of an accident
4.M.r Baker and M.r Yamamoto can't understand each other because their languages are different
->.M.r Baker and M.r Yamamoto can't understand each other because of their different languages
5.Nick is often punished because he is lazy
->Nick is often punished because of his laziness
6.These persons live unhappily because they are very poor
->.These people live unhappily because of their poverty
7.All the students love the principal because he is very kind
->All the students love the principal because of his kindness
II:Rewrite the following sentences using "Because"instead of "Because OF"
1.We respected Mr.Lung because of his honesty
->We respected Mr.Lung because he is honest
2.My friend was absent because of his illness
->My friend was absent because he was ill
3.This boy is ignorant because of his laziness
->This boy is ignorant because he is lazy
4.Because of the invention of computers,puplis no longer spend much time in calculating
->.Because people invented the computers, puplis no longer spend much time in calculating
5.Because of my friend's absence.I have to coppy the lesson for him.
.->Because my friend is absent, I have to coppy the lesson for him.
6.Our guests aeeived late because of the bad weather.
->Our guests aeeived late because the weather was bad
7.I catch cold now because of going out in the rain yesterday
->..I catch cold now because i went out in the rain yesterday
III:Change clauses of concession to phrases:ALTHOUGH//THOUGH <<=>>DESPITE//IN SPITE OF
1.Lam didn't eat much though she was hungry
->lam didn't eat much despite her hunger
2.Trí couldn't solve the problem though he is good at maths
->.Trí couldn't solve the problem despite being good at maths
3.M.r Pike doesn't wear glasses though he is over sixty
->M.r Pike doesn't wear glasses in spite of his old age
4.Although he had much experience in machinery,he didn't succeed in repairing this machine
->in spite of his experience in machinery,he didn't succeed in repairing this machine
5.Although it got dark ,they continued to work
->despite the darkness, they continued to work
6.Although it was noisy ,Chou kept on studying
->in spite of the noise, Chou kept on studying
7.Although it rained heavily,I went to school on time
->despitethe heavy rain, ,I went to school on time
8.The flight was not delayed though it was foggy
->.the flight was not delayed despite the fog
9.Viet ate all the fruits though they were green
->.Viet ate all the fruits despite their green
10.We did the test well though it was difficullt
->We did the test well in spite of its difficulty
11.Although he is strong ,I'm not afraid of him
->despite his strength, I'm not afraid of him
12.Everybody has great regard for him though he is poor
->Everybody has great regard for him in spite of his poverty
13.The plane took off though the weather was bad
->The plane took off in spite of the bad weather
14.He didn't stop his car though the traffic lights turned red
-> He didn't stop his car despite the traffic lights' turning red
15.He studies hard though his life was hard at that time
-> He studies hard in spite of his hard life at that time
16.Although the streets are narrow ,many people drive cars in this city
->.despite the narrow streets, many people drive cars in this city
17.Although his english was good,he wasn't chosen
->despite his good englush, he wasn't chosen
18.Although he's got an English name,he is in fact Vietnamese
->.in spite of his English name,he is in fact Vietnamese
19.He awlays studies hard though he encounters difficult
->He awlays studies hard despite encountering difficult
20.Although the weather is bad e are going to have a picnic,w
->in spite of the bad weather, we are going to have a picnic
21.Although he had not finished the paper,he went to sleep
->despite having not finished the paper,he went to sleep
22.She attended the class although she didn't feel alert.
-> She attended the class in spite of not feeling alert.
23.The child ate the cookies even though his mother had told him not to.
-> The child ate the cookies in spite of his mother's telling him not to
24.She drank coffee to keep herself warm although she disliked it
-> She drank coffee to keep herself warm despite disliking it
25.Mary will takes a plane even though she dislikes flying
->. Mary will takes a plane in spite of her disliking flying
26.Although Tram was sad,she managed to smile
->.despite Tram's sadness, she managed to smile
27.The old woman told interesting stories to the children although her memory was poor.
-> The old woman told interesting stories to the children in spite of her poor memory
28.Though he had been absent frequently ,he was managed tp pass the test
->in spite of his frequent absence ,he was managed tp pass the test
29.He ate the chocolate cake even though he was on diet
->. .He ate the chocolate cake in spite of his diet
30.Although the prices are high,my daughters insist on buying a new motorbike
->.despite the high prices, my daughters insist on buying a new motorbike
1. The landscape is very beautiful!
---> How beautiful the landscape is!
2. We had to cancel the flight because the fog was too thick
---> Due to thick,we had to cancel the flight
3. I had the mechanic repair my car this morning
---> I had my car repaired