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Cho \(a,b\in\mathbb{Z},b>0\). So sánh hai số hữu tỉ \(\dfrac{a}{b}\) và \(\dfrac{a+2001}{b+2001}\) ?
Xét tích \(a\left(b+2001\right)=ab+2001a\).
\(b\left(a+2001\right)=ab+2001b\). Vì \(b>0\) nên \(b+2001>0\).
a) Nếu \(a>b\) thì \(ab+2001a>ab+2001b\)
\(a\left(b+2001\right)>b\left(a+2001\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}>\dfrac{a+2001}{b+2001}\) (theo bài 5).
b) Tương tự (theo bài 5) nếu \(a< b\) thì \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{a+2001}{b+2001}\).
c) Nếu \(a=b\) thì rõ ràng \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{a+2001}{b+2001}\).
Giải:
Quy đồng mẫu số:
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{a\left(b+2001\right)}{b\left(b+2001\right)}=\dfrac{ab+2001a}{b^2+2001b}\)
\(\dfrac{a+2001}{b+2001}=\dfrac{\left(a+2001\right)b}{\left(b+2001\right)b}=\dfrac{ab+2001b}{b^2+2001b}\)
Vì b > 0 nên mẫu số của hai phân số đều dương, ta so sánh tử số
So sánh \(ab+2001a\) với \(ab+2001b\):
* Nếu a < b
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{a+2001}{b+2001}\)
* Nếu a = b thì hai phân số bằng nhau và bằng 1.
* Nếu a > b
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{a+2001}{b+2001}\)
Vậy ...
Chúc bạn học tốt!
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{a+2001}{b+2001}=\dfrac{a}{b}+1\)
Vì \(\dfrac{a}{b}+1>\dfrac{a}{b}\) nên \(\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{a+2001}{b+2001}\)
a) Ta có: |x- 1,5| + |2,5-x| =0
=>x-1,5=0 và 2,5 - x =0
=> x = 1,5 và x = 2,5
Vậy x thuộc {1,5; 2,5}
Còn câu b mik hk bt lm 
\(\dfrac{x+1}{10}+\dfrac{x+1}{11}+\dfrac{x+1}{12}=\dfrac{x+1}{13}+\dfrac{x+1}{14}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x+1}{10}+\dfrac{x+1}{11}+\dfrac{x+1}{12}-\dfrac{x+1}{13}-\dfrac{x+1}{14}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{10}+\dfrac{1}{11}+\dfrac{1}{12}-\dfrac{1}{13}-\dfrac{1}{14}\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x+1=0\Rightarrow x=-1\)
\(\dfrac{x+4}{2000}+\dfrac{x+3}{2001}=\dfrac{x+2}{2002}+\dfrac{x+1}{2003}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x+4}{2000}+1+\dfrac{x+3}{2001}+1=\dfrac{x+2}{2002}+1+\dfrac{x+1}{2003}+1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x+2004}{2000}+\dfrac{x+2004}{2001}=\dfrac{x+2004}{2002}+\dfrac{x+2004}{2003}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x+2004}{2000}+\dfrac{x+2004}{2001}-\dfrac{x+2004}{2002}-\dfrac{x+2004}{2003}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+2004\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2000}+\dfrac{1}{2001}-\dfrac{1}{2002}-\dfrac{1}{2003}\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x+2004=0\Rightarrow x=-2004\)
a, \(\dfrac{x+1}{10}+\dfrac{x+1}{11}+\dfrac{x+1}{12}=\dfrac{x+1}{13}+\dfrac{x+1}{14}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x+1}{10}+\dfrac{x+1}{11}+\dfrac{x+1}{12}-\dfrac{x+1}{13}-\dfrac{x+1}{14}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{10}+\dfrac{1}{11}+\dfrac{1}{12}-\dfrac{1}{13}-\dfrac{1}{14}\right)=0\)
Do \(\dfrac{1}{10}+\dfrac{1}{11}+\dfrac{1}{12}-\dfrac{1}{13}-\dfrac{1}{14}\ne0\)
\(\Rightarrow x+1=0\Rightarrow x=-1\)
Vậy x = -1
b, \(\dfrac{x+4}{2000}+\dfrac{x+3}{2001}=\dfrac{x+2}{2002}+\dfrac{x+1}{2003}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x+2004}{2000}+\dfrac{x+2004}{2001}-\dfrac{x+2004}{2002}-\dfrac{x+2004}{2003}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+2004\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2000}+\dfrac{1}{2001}-\dfrac{1}{2002}-\dfrac{1}{2003}\right)=0\)
Vì \(\dfrac{1}{2000}+\dfrac{1}{2001}-\dfrac{1}{2002}-\dfrac{1}{2003}\ne0\)
\(\Rightarrow x+2004=0\Rightarrow x=-2004\)
Vậy...
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+2002\right)\left(b-2001\right)=\left(b+2001\right)\left(a-2002\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab-2001a+2002b-2002\cdot2001=ab-2002b+2001a-2001\cdot2002\)
=>-4002a=-4004b
hay a/2002=b/2001
Câu 2:
\(\dfrac{x+2000}{x-2000}=\dfrac{y+2001}{y-2001}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+2000\right)\left(y-2001\right)=\left(x-2000\right)\left(y+2001\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xy-2001x+2000y-4002000=xy+2001x-2000y-4002000\)
=>-2001x+2000y=2001x-2000y
=>-4002x=-4000y
=>2001x=2000y
hay x/y=2000/2001
a. \(\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)}{10}+\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)}{11}+\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)}{12}=\dfrac{x+1}{13}+\dfrac{x+1}{14}\)
\(\dfrac{x+1}{10}+\dfrac{x+1}{11}+\dfrac{x+1}{12}-\dfrac{x+1}{13}-\dfrac{x+1}{14}=0\)
\(\left(x+1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{10}+\dfrac{1}{11}+\dfrac{1}{12}-\dfrac{1}{13}-\dfrac{1}{14}\right)=0\)
Vì \(\dfrac{1}{10}+\dfrac{1}{11}+\dfrac{1}{12}-\dfrac{1}{13}-\dfrac{1}{14}\ne0\)
\(\Rightarrow x+1=0\)
\(x=-1\)
b, \(\dfrac{x+4}{2000}+\dfrac{x+3}{2001}=\dfrac{x+2}{2002}+\dfrac{x+1}{2003}\\ \left(\dfrac{x+4}{2000}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{x+3}{2001}+1\right)=\left(\dfrac{x+2}{2002}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{x+1}{2003}+1\right)\\ \dfrac{x+2004}{2000}+\dfrac{x+2004}{2001}-\dfrac{x+2004}{2002}-\dfrac{x+2004}{2003}=0\\ x+2004\left(\dfrac{1}{2000}+\dfrac{1}{2001}-\dfrac{1}{2002}-\dfrac{1}{2003}\right)\)
vì \(\dfrac{1}{2000}+\dfrac{1}{2001}-\dfrac{1}{2002}-\dfrac{1}{2003}\ne0\\ \Rightarrow x+2004=0\\ x=-2004\)
a, \(\dfrac{x+1}{10}+\dfrac{x+1}{11}+\dfrac{x+1}{12}=\dfrac{x+1}{13}+\dfrac{x+1}{14}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x+1}{10}+\dfrac{x+1}{11}+\dfrac{x+1}{12}-\dfrac{x+1}{13}-\dfrac{x+1}{14}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{10}+\dfrac{1}{11}+\dfrac{1}{12}-\dfrac{1}{13}-\dfrac{1}{14}\right)=0\)
Vì \(10< 11< 12< 13< 14\) nên \(\dfrac{1}{10}>\dfrac{1}{11}>\dfrac{1}{12}>\dfrac{1}{13}>\dfrac{1}{14}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{10}+\dfrac{1}{11}+\dfrac{1}{12}-\dfrac{1}{13}-\dfrac{1}{14}>0\)
\(\Rightarrow x+1=0\Rightarrow x=-1\)
Vậy.................
b, \(\dfrac{x+4}{2000}+\dfrac{x+3}{2001}=\dfrac{x+2}{2002}+\dfrac{x+1}{2003}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{x+4}{2000}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{x+3}{2001}+1\right)=\left(\dfrac{x+2}{2002}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{x+1}{2003}+1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x+2004}{2000}+\dfrac{x+2004}{2001}=\dfrac{x+2004}{2002}+\dfrac{x+2004}{2003}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x+2004}{2000}+\dfrac{x+2004}{2001}-\dfrac{x+2004}{2002}-\dfrac{x+2004}{2003}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+2004\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2000}+\dfrac{1}{2001}-\dfrac{1}{2002}-\dfrac{1}{2003}\right)=0\)
Vì \(2000< 2001< 2002< 2003\) nên \(\dfrac{1}{2000}>\dfrac{1}{2001}>\dfrac{1}{2002}>\dfrac{1}{2003}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2000}+\dfrac{1}{2001}-\dfrac{1}{2002}-\dfrac{1}{2003}>0\)
\(\Rightarrow x+2004=0\Rightarrow x=-2004\)
Vậy.................
Chúc bạn học tốt!!!
\(M=\left|x-2002\right|+\left|x-2001\right|\)\(=\left|x-2002\right|+\left|2001-x\right|\ge\left|x-2002+2001-x\right|=\left|-2002+2001\right|=1\)
tức \(M\ge1\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-2001=0\\x-2002=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2001\\x=2002\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy MinM = - 1 \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2001\\x=2002\end{matrix}\right.\)