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a) \({\left( {x - 2} \right)^4}\)
\(\begin{array}{l} = {x^4} + 4{x^3}.\left( { - 2} \right) + 6{x^2}.{\left( { - 2} \right)^2} + 4x{\left( { - 2} \right)^3} + {\left( { - 2} \right)^4}\\ = {x^4} - 8{x^3} + 24{x^2} - 32x + 16\end{array}\)
b) \({\left( {x + 2y} \right)^5}\)
\(\begin{array}{l} = {x^5} + 5.{x^4}.\left( {2y} \right) + 10.{x^3}.{\left( {2y} \right)^2} + 10.{x^2}.{\left( {2y} \right)^3} + 5.x.{\left( {2y} \right)^4} + 1.{\left( {2y} \right)^5}\\ = {x^5} + 10{x^4}y + 40{x^3}{y^3} + 80{x^2}{y^3} + 80x{y^4} + 32{y^5}\end{array}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a) \({\left( {2x + 1} \right)^4} = {\left( {2x} \right)^4} + 4.{\left( {2x} \right)^3}{.1^1} + 6.{\left( {2x} \right)^2}{.1^2} + 4.\left( {2x} \right){.1^3} + {1^4} = 16{x^4} + 32{x^3} + 24{x^2} + 8x + 1\)
b) \(\begin{array}{l}{\left( {3y - 4} \right)^4} = {\left[ {3y + \left( { - 4} \right)} \right]^4} = {\left( {3y} \right)^4} + 4.{\left( {3y} \right)^3}.\left( { - 4} \right) + 6.{\left( {3y} \right)^2}.{\left( { - 4} \right)^2} + 4.{\left( {3y} \right)^1}{\left( { - 4} \right)^3} + {\left( { - 4} \right)^4}\\ = 81{y^4} - 432{y^3} + 864{y^2} - 768y + 256\end{array}\)
c) \({\left( {x + \frac{1}{2}} \right)^4} = {x^4} + 4.{x^3}.{\left( {\frac{1}{2}} \right)^1} + 6.{x^2}.{\left( {\frac{1}{2}} \right)^2} + 4.x.{\left( {\frac{1}{2}} \right)^3} + {\left( {\frac{1}{2}} \right)^4} = {x^4} + 2{x^3} + \frac{3}{2}{x^2} + \frac{1}{2}x + \frac{1}{{16}}\)
d) \(\begin{array}{l}{\left( {x - \frac{1}{3}} \right)^4} = {\left[ {x + \left( { - \frac{1}{3}} \right)} \right]^4} = {x^4} + 4.{x^3}.{\left( { - \frac{1}{3}} \right)^1} + 6.{x^2}.{\left( { - \frac{1}{3}} \right)^2} + 4.x.{\left( { - \frac{1}{3}} \right)^3} + {\left( { - \frac{1}{3}} \right)^4}\\ = {x^4} - \frac{4}{3}{x^3} + \frac{2}{3}{x^2} - \frac{4}{27}x + \frac{1}{{81}}\end{array}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a) \({\left( {3x + y} \right)^4} = {\left( {3x} \right)^4} + 4.{\left( {3x} \right)^3}y + 6.{\left( {3x} \right)^2}{y^2} + 4.\left( {3x} \right){y^3} + {y^4}\)
\( = 81{x^4} + 108{x^3}y + 54{x^2}{y^2} + 12x{y^3} + {y^4}\)
b) \(\begin{array}{l}{\left( {x - \sqrt 2 } \right)^5} = \left( {x + (-\sqrt 2) } \right)^5 ={x^5} + 5.{x^4}.\left( { - \sqrt 2 } \right) + 10.{x^3}.{\left( { - \sqrt 2 } \right)^2} + 10.{x^2}.{\left( { - \sqrt 2 } \right)^3} + 5.x.{\left( { - \sqrt 2 } \right)^4} + 1.{\left( { - \sqrt 2 } \right)^5}\\ = {x^5} - 5\sqrt 2 .{x^4} + 20{x^3} - 20\sqrt 2 .{x^2} + 20x - 4\sqrt 2 \end{array}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
+) Ta có:
\(\begin{array}{l}{\left( {3x + 2} \right)^5} = {\left( {3x} \right)^5} + 5.{\left( {3x} \right)^4}2 + 10.{\left( {3x} \right)^3}{2^2} + 10{\left( {3x} \right)^2}{.2^3} + 5.\left( {3x} \right){.2^4} + {2^5}\\ = 243{x^5} + 810{x^4} + 1080{x^3} + 720{x^2} + 240x + 32\end{array}\)
+) Hệ số của \({x^4}\) trong khai triển trên là: \({a_4} = 810\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có:
\(\begin{array}{l}{\left( {2 - 3y} \right)^4} = {\left[ {2 + \left( { - 3y} \right)} \right]^4} = {2^4} + {4.2^3}.\left( { - 3y} \right) + {6.2^2}.{\left( { - 3y} \right)^2} + {4.2^1}.{\left( { - 3y} \right)^3} + {\left( { - 3y} \right)^4}\\ = 16 - 96y + 216{y^2} - 216{y^3} + 81{y^4}\end{array}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a) Áp dụng công thức nhị thức Newton, ta có:
\(\begin{array}{l}{\left( {1 + x} \right)^4} = {1^4} + C_4^1{.1^3}x + C_4^2{.1^2}{x^2} + C_4^3.1{x^3} + C_4^4{x^4}\\ = 1 + 4x + 6{x^2} + 4{x^3} + {x^4}\end{array}\)
\(\begin{array}{l}{\left( {1 - x} \right)^4} = {1^4} + C_4^1{.1^3}\left( { - x} \right) + C_4^2{.1^2}{\left( { - x} \right)^2} + C_4^3.1{\left( { - x} \right)^3} + C_4^4{\left( { - x} \right)^4}\\ = 1 - 4x + 6{x^2} - 4{x^3} + {x^4}\end{array}\)
Suy ra
\(\begin{array}{l}{\left( {1 + x} \right)^4} + {\left( {1 - x} \right)^4} = 1 + 4x + 6{x^2} + 4{x^3} + {x^4} + 1 - 4x + 6{x^2} - 4{x^3} + {x^4}\\ = 2 + 12{x^2} + 2{x^4}\end{array}\)
Vậy \({\left( {1 + x} \right)^4} + {\left( {1 - x} \right)^4} = 2 + 12{x^2} + 2{x^4}\)
Ta có: \(1,{05^4} + 0,{95^4} = {\left( {1 + 0,05} \right)^4} + {\left( {1 - 0,05} \right)^4}\)
Áp dụng biểu thức vừa chứng minh \({\left( {1 + x} \right)^4} + {\left( {1 - x} \right)^4} = 2 + 12{x^2} + 2{x^4}\)
ta có: \(1,{05^4} + 0,{95^4} = {\left( {1 + 0,05} \right)^4} + {\left( {1 - 0,05} \right)^4} = 2 + 12.0,0{5^2} + 2.0,0{5^4}\\ = 2,0300125\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a) Áp dụng công thức nhị thức Newton, ta có
\(\begin{array}{l}{\left( {2 + \sqrt 2 } \right)^4} = {2^4} + {4.2^3}.\left( {\sqrt 2 } \right) + {6.2^2}.{\left( {\sqrt 2 } \right)^2} + 4.2.{\left( {\sqrt 2 } \right)^3} + {\left( {\sqrt 2 } \right)^4}\\ = \left[ {{2^4} + {{6.2}^2}.{{\left( {\sqrt 2 } \right)}^2} + {{\left( {\sqrt 2 } \right)}^4}} \right] + \left[ {{{4.2}^3}.\left( {\sqrt 2 } \right) + 4.2.{{\left( {\sqrt 2 } \right)}^3}} \right]\\ = 68 + 48\sqrt 2 \end{array}\)
b) Áp dụng công thức nhị thức Newton, ta có
\({\left( {2 + \sqrt 2 } \right)^4} = {2^4} + {4.2^3}.\left( {\sqrt 2 } \right) + {6.2^2}.{\left( {\sqrt 2 } \right)^2} + 4.2.{\left( {\sqrt 2 } \right)^3} + {\left( {\sqrt 2 } \right)^4}\)
\({\left( {2 - \sqrt 2 } \right)^4} = \left( {2 +(- \sqrt 2 )} \right)^4= {2^4} + {4.2^3}.\left( { - \sqrt 2 } \right) + {6.2^2}.{\left( { - \sqrt 2 } \right)^2} + 4.2.{\left( { - \sqrt 2 } \right)^3} + {\left( { - \sqrt 2 } \right)^4}\)
Từ đó,
\(\begin{array}{l}{\left( {2 + \sqrt 2 } \right)^4} + {\left( {2 - \sqrt 2 } \right)^4} = 2\left[ {{2^4} + {{6.2}^2}.{{\left( {\sqrt 2 } \right)}^2} + {{\left( {\sqrt 2 } \right)}^4}} \right]\\ = 2\left( {16 + 48 + 4} \right) = 136\end{array}\)
c) Áp dụng công thức nhị thức Newton, ta có
\(\begin{array}{l}{\left( {1 - \sqrt 3 } \right)^5} = \left( {1 +(- \sqrt 3 )} \right)^5= 1 + 5.\left( { - \sqrt 3 } \right) + 10.{\left( { - \sqrt 3 } \right)^2} + 10.{\left( { - \sqrt 3 } \right)^3} + 5.{\left( { - \sqrt 3 } \right)^4} + 1.{\left( { - \sqrt 3 } \right)^5}\\ = \left[ {1 + 10.{{\left( { - \sqrt 3 } \right)}^2} + 5.{{\left( { - \sqrt 3 } \right)}^4}} \right] + \left[ {5.\left( { - \sqrt 3 } \right) + 10.{{\left( { - \sqrt 3 } \right)}^3} + 1.{{\left( { - \sqrt 3 } \right)}^5}} \right]\\ = 76 - 44\sqrt 3 \end{array}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a) \({\left( {x + 1} \right)^5} = {x^5} + 5.{x^4}.1 + 10.{x^3}{.1^2} + 10.{x^2}{.1^3} + 5.{x^1}{.1^4} +{1^5} = {x^5} + 5{x^4} + 10{x^3} + 10{x^2} + 5x + 1\)
b) \(\begin{array}{l}{\left( {x - 3y} \right)^5} = {\left[ {x + \left( { - 3y} \right)} \right]^5} = {x^5} + 5{x^4}{\left( { - 3y} \right)^1} + 10{x^3}{\left( { - 3y} \right)^2} + 10{x^2}{\left( { - 3y} \right)^3} + 5{x^1}{\left( { - 3y} \right)^4} + {\left( { - 3y} \right)^5}\\ = {x^5} - 15{x^4}y + 90{x^3}{y^2} - 270{x^2}{y^3} + 405x{y^4} - 243{y^5}\end{array}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a) \({\left( {4y - 1} \right)^4} = {\left[ {4y + \left( { - 1} \right)} \right]^4} = 256{y^4} - 256{y^3} + 96{y^2} - 16y + 1\)
b) \({\left( {3x + 4y} \right)^5} = 243{x^5} + 1620{x^4}y + 4320{x^3}{y^2} + 5760{x^2}{y^3} + 3840x{y^4} + 1024{y^5}\)
Ta có: \({\left( {2 + x} \right)^4} = {2^4} + {4.2^3}.{x^1} + {6.2^2}.{x^2} + {4.2^1}.{x^3} + {x^4} = 16 + 32x + 24{x^2} + 8{x^3} + {x^4}\)