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![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
I)
1)
\(2CH_4\xrightarrow[lln]{1500^oC}C_2H_2+3H_2\\ 2CH\equiv CH\xrightarrow[]{t^o,p,xt}CH\equiv C-CH=CH_2\\ CH\equiv C-CH=CH_2+H_2\xrightarrow[]{Pd/PbCO_3,t^o}CH_2=CH-CH=CH_2\\ CH_2=CH-CH=CH_2+2H_2\xrightarrow[]{Ni,t^o}CH_3-CH_2-CH_2-CH_3\\ CH_3-CH_2-CH_2-CH_3\xrightarrow[]{cracking}CH_2=CH-CH_3+CH_4\)
2)
\(CH_3COONa+NaOH\xrightarrow[]{CaO,t^o}CH_4+Na_2CO_3\\ 2CH_4\xrightarrow[lln]{1500^oC}C_2H_2+3H_2\\ CH\equiv CH+H_2\xrightarrow[]{Pd/PbCO_3,t^o}CH_2=CH_2\\ CH_2=CH_2+Br_2\rightarrow CH_2Br-CH_2Br\)
3)
\(2CH_4\xrightarrow[]{1500^oC}C_2H_2+3H_2\\ 2CH\equiv CH\xrightarrow[]{t^o,p,xt}CH\equiv C-CH=CH_2\\ CH\equiv C-CH=CH_2+H_2\xrightarrow[]{Pd/PbCO_3,t^o}CH_2=CH-CH=CH_2\\ nCH_2=CH-CH=CH_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o,p,xt}\left(-CH_2-CH=CH-CH_2-\right)_n\)
4)
\(C_4H_8+H_2\xrightarrow[]{Ni,t^o}C_4H_{10}\\ C_4H_{10}\xrightarrow[]{cracking}CH_4+C_3H_6\\ 2CH_4\xrightarrow[lln]{1500^oC}C_2H_2+3H_2\\ CH\equiv CH\xrightarrow[]{t^o,p,xt}CH\equiv C-CH=CH_2\)
II)
1)
but-1-in | but-2-in | butan | |
dd Br2 | - dd Br2 mất màu | - dd Br2 mất màu | - Không hiện tượng |
dd AgNO3/NH3 | - Có kết tủa vàng xuất hiện | - Không hiện tượng | - Đã nhận biết |
\(CH\equiv C-CH_2-CH_3+2Br_2\rightarrow CHBr_2-CBr_2-CH_2-CH_3\\ CH_3-C\equiv C-CH_3+2Br_2\rightarrow CH_3-CBr_2-CBr_2-CH_3\\ CH\equiv C-CH_2-CH_3+AgNO_3+NH_3\rightarrow CAg\equiv C-CH_2-CH_3\downarrow+NH_4NO_3\)
2)
C2H2 | C2H4 | C2H6 | |
dd AgNO3/NH3 | - Có kết tủa vàng xuất hiện | - Không hiện tượng | - Không hiện tượng |
dd Br2 | - Đã nhận biết | - dd Br2 mất màu | - Không hiện tượng |
\(CH\equiv CH+2AgNO_3+2NH_3\rightarrow CAg\equiv CAg\downarrow+2NH_4NO_3\\ CH_2=CH_2+Br_2\rightarrow CH_2Br-CH_2Br\)
III)
1) \(n_C=n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{1,344}{22,4}=0,06\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_H=\dfrac{0,88-0,06.12}{1}=0,16\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{H_2O}=0,08\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{ankan}=n_{H_2O}-n_{CO_2}=0,02\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow M_{ankan}=\dfrac{0,88}{0,02}=44\left(g/mol\right)\)
Đặt CTHH của ankan là CnH2n+2
=> 14n + 2 = 44 => n = 3
Vậy X là C3H8 \(\left(CTCT:CH_3-CH_2-CH_3:propan\right)\)
2) \(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{1,62}{18}=0,09\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_H=2n_{H_2O}=0,18\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{CO_2}=n_C=\dfrac{1,62-0,18}{12}=0,12\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{ankin}=n_{CO_2}-n_{H_2O}=0,03\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow nM_{ankin}=\dfrac{1,62}{0,03}=54\left(g/mol\right)\)
Đặt CTHH của ankin là CnH2n-2
=> 14n - 2 = 54 => n = 4
Vậy X là C4H6
CTCT:
\(CH\equiv C-CH_2-CH_3:\) but-1-in
\(CH_3-C\equiv C-CH_3:\) but-2-in
3)
Sửa đề: 1,17 -> 11,7
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{11,7}{18}=0,65\left(mol\right)\\n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{17,6}{44}=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow n_{H_2O}>n_{CO_2}\Rightarrow\) hh thuốc dãy đồng đẳng ankan
Ta có: \(n_{hh}=n_{H_2O}-n_{CO_2}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
Theo BTNT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_C=n_{CO_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\n_H=2n_{H_2O}=1,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow m_{hh}=0,4.12+1,3=6,1\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow M_{hh}=\dfrac{6,1}{0,25}=24,4\left(g/mol\right)\)
Đặt CT chung của hh là CnH2n+2
=> 14n + 2 = 24,4 => n = 1,6
=> Hai hiđrocacbon là CH4 và C2H6
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
C3H8 | → | C2H4 | + | CH4 |
2CH4 | → | C2H2 | + |
2H2 |
C2H2 | + | H2 | → | C2H4 |
C2H4 | + | H2 | → |
C2H6 |
C2H6 | + | Cl2 | → | HCl | + | C2H5Cl |
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(\left(1\right)C_4H_{10}\rightarrow CH_4+C_3H_6\) (PƯ cracking)
\(\left(2\right)CH_4\rightarrow C_2H_2+H_2\) (điều kiện: làm lạnh nhanh)
\(\left(3\right)CH\equiv CH+H_2\rightarrow CH_2=CH_2\) (điều kiện: Pd/PbCO3, t0)
\(\left(4\right)CH_2=CH_2+KMnO_4+H_2O\)\(\rightarrow C_2H_6O_2+MnO_2+KOH\)
\(\left(5\right)nCH_2=CH_2\rightarrow\left(-CH_2-CH_2-\right)_n\) (điều kiện: nhiệt độ, xúc tác)
\(\left(6\right)3CH\equiv CH\rightarrow C_6H_6\) (điều kiện: xúc tác carbon, nhiệt độ)
\(\left(7\right)C_6H_6+Br_2\rightarrow C_6H_5Br+HBr\)
\(\left(8\right)C_6H_6+C_2H_4\rightarrow C_6H_5-CH_2-CH_3\)
\(\left(9\right)C_6H_5-CH_2-CH_3\rightarrow C_8H_8+H_2\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
2C2H5COONa + 2H2O => C4H10 + NaOH + 2CO2 + H2
2CH4 => C2H2 + H2
C2H2 + H20 => CH3CHO
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Câu 2:
\(2CH_4\underrightarrow{1500^oC}C_2H_{_{ }2}+3H_2\)
\(C_2H_2+H_2\underrightarrow{Pd/PbCO_3,t^o}C_2H_4\)
\(C_2H_4+H_2O\underrightarrow{H^+,t^0}C_2H_5OH\)
\(2C_2H_5OH+2Na->2C_2H_5ONa+\frac{1}{2}H_2\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(CH_3COONa+NaOH\underrightarrow{t^o,CaO}Na_2CO_3+CH_4\)
\(2CH_4\underrightarrow{1500^oC,làm.lạnh.nhanh}CH\equiv CH+3H_2\)
\(2CH\equiv CH\underrightarrow{t^o,xt}CH\equiv C-CH=CH_2\)
\(CH\equiv C-CH=CH_2+3H_2\underrightarrow{t^o,Ni}CH_3-CH_2-CH_2-CH_3\)
\(CH_3-CH_2-CH_2-CH_3\underrightarrow{t^o,xt}CH_2=CH_2+CH_3-CH_3\)
\(CH_2=CH_2+H_2O\underrightarrow{H^+,t^o}CH_3-CH_2-OH\)
\(CH_3-CH_2-OH\underrightarrow{H_2SO_4,170^oC}CH_2=CH_2+H_2O\)
\(nCH_2=CH_2\underrightarrow{t^o,p,xt}\left(-CH_2-CH_2-\right)_n\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
1)
CH4 + O2 ---> HCHO + H2O ( 600 --> 800oC, NO)
HCHO + H2 -Ni-> CH3OH
CH3OH + O2 --> HCOOH + H2O
HCOOH + CH3OH --> HCOOCH3 + H2O
2)
C2H4 + H2O -Axit, to-> C2H5OH
C2H5OH + CuO --> CH3CHO + H2O + Cu 2CH3CHO + O2 -to, Mn2+--> 2CH3COOH CH3COOH + C2H5OH <-H2SO4đ,to-> CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Câu 1:
\(2CH_4\underrightarrow{^{1500^oC,lln}}C_2H_2+3H_2\)
\(2CH\equiv CH\underrightarrow{t^o,xt}CH_2=CH-C\equiv CH\)
\(CH_2=CH-C\equiv CH+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o,Ni}CH_2=CH-CH=CH_2\)
\(nCH_2=CH-CH=CH_2\underrightarrow{^{t^o,p,xt}}\left(-CH_2-CH_2-CH_2-CH_2-\right)_n\)
Câu 2:
\(CH_3COONa+NaOH\underrightarrow{^{t^o,CaO}}CH_4+Na_2CO_3\)
\(2CH_4\underrightarrow{^{1500^oC,lln}}C_2H_2+3H_2\)
\(C_2H_2+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o,Pd}C_2H_4\)
\(C_2H_4+H_2O\underrightarrow{t^o,xt}C_2H_5OH\)
\(C_4H_8 + H_2 \xrightarrow{t^o,Ni} C_4H_{10}\\ C_4H_{10}\xrightarrow{t^o,Ni} CH_4 + C_3H_6\\ 2CH_4 \xrightarrow{lln,1500^oc}C_2H_2 + 3H_2\\ 2C_2H_2 \xrightarrow{t^o,p,xt} C_4H_4\\ C_2H_2 + 2AgNO_3 + 2NH_3 \to C_2Ag_2 + 2NH_4NO_3\\ C_2H_2 + H_2\xrightarrow{t^o,PbCO_3} C_2H_4\)