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\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5.4}{27}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
\(0.2..........0.3...............0.1...........0.3\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=0.3\cdot98=29.4\left(g\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=0.3\cdot22.4=6.72\left(l\right)\)
\(m_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{29.4\cdot100}{20}=147\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0.1\cdot342=34.2\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{\text{dung dịch sau phản ứng }}=5.4+147-0.3\cdot2=151.8\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{34.2}{151.8}\cdot100\%=22.53\%\)
- Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow27a+24b=10,2\left(1\right)\)
Khí thu được sau p/ứ là khí H2: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
2 3 (mol)
a 3/2 a (mol)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
1 1 (mol)
b b (mol)
Từ hai PTHH trên ta có: \(\dfrac{3}{2}a+b=0,5\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right)\) ta có hệ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+24b=10,2\\\dfrac{3}{2}a+b=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\)
Giải ra ta có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\left(mol\right)\\b=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) \(\%Al=\dfrac{m_{Al}}{m_{hh}}.100\%=\dfrac{0,2.27}{10,2}.100\%\approx52,94\%\)
\(\%Mg=100\%-\%Al=100\%-52,94=47,06\%\)
b)
\(3H_2+Fe_2O_3\rightarrow^{t^0}2Fe+3H_2O\)
3 1 2 (mol)
0,5 1/6 1/3 (mol)
\(m_{Fe}=\dfrac{1}{3}.56=\dfrac{56}{3}\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Fe_2O_3\left(pứ\right)}=\dfrac{1}{6}.160=\dfrac{80}{3}\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Fe_2O_3\left(dư\right)}=60-m_{Fe}=60-\dfrac{56}{3}=\dfrac{124}{3}\left(g\right)\)
\(a=\dfrac{124}{3}+\dfrac{80}{3}=68\left(g\right)\)
Do ở TN2, khi tăng lượng HCl, khối lượng rắn tăng thêm
=> Trong TN1, HCl hết, kim loại dư
- Xét TN1
Theo ĐLBTKL: mA + mHCl = mrắn sau pư + mH2
=> 18,6 + 36,5.0,5a = 34,575 + 2.0,25a
=> a = 0,9
- Xét TN2:
Giả sử HCl hết
Theo ĐLBTKL: 18,6 + 0,9.36,5 = 39,9 + 0,45.2
=> 51,45 = 40,8 (vô lí)
=> HCl dư, kim loại hết
Gọi số mol Zn, Fe là a, b
=> 65a + 56b = 18,6
PTHH: Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl2 + H2
a--------------->a
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
b---------------->b
=> 136a + 127b = 39,9
=> a = 0,2 ; b = 0,1
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Zn}=0,2.65=13\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(a,PTHH:Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow n_{Fe}=n_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{FeCl_2}=0,2\cdot127=25,4\left(g\right)\\ b,n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{H_2}=0,2\cdot2=0,4\left(g\right)\\V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,2\cdot22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(c,PTHH:2H_2+O_2\rightarrow^{t^0}2H_2O\\ \Rightarrow n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{O_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,1\cdot22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{2.8}{56}=0.05\left(mol\right)\)
\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
a) Chất tan : FeSO4
Chất khí : H2
\(m_{FeSO_4}=0.05\cdot152=7.6\left(g\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=0.05\cdot22.4=1.12\left(l\right)\)
nAl = 5,4/27 = 0,2 (mol)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 -> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
nH2 = 0,2 : 2 . 3 = 0,3 (mol)
VH2 = 0,3 . 22,4 = 6,72 (l)
PTHH: Fe2O3 + 3H2 -> (t°) 2Fe + 3H2O
nFe = 0,3 : 3 . 2 = 0,2 (mol)
a = mFe = 0,2 . 56 = 11,2 (g)
nFe2O3 = 0,3/3 = 0,1 (mol)
mFe2O3 = 0,1 . 160 = 16 (g)
m = 16/60% = 80/3 (g)
a) Gọi số mol H2 là x
=> \(n_{H_2O}=x\left(mol\right)\)
Theo ĐLBTKL: \(m_A+m_{H_2}=m_B+m_{H_2O}\)
=> 200 + 2x = 156 + 18x
=> x = 2,75 (mol)
=> \(V_{H_2}=2,75.22,4=61,6\left(l\right)\)
b) Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CuO}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe_2O_3}=1,5a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al_2O_3}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> 80a + 240a + 102b = 200
=> 320a + 102b = 200
PTHH: CuO + H2 --to--> Cu + H2O
a---------------->a
Fe2O3 + 3H2 --to--> 2Fe + 3H2O
1,5a------------------>3a
=> 64a + 168a + 102b = 156
=> 232a + 102b = 156
=> a = 0,5; b = \(\dfrac{20}{51}\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{CuO}=\dfrac{0,5.80}{200}.100\%=20\%\\\%m_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{0,75.160}{200}.100\%=60\%\\\%m_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{\dfrac{20}{51}.102}{200}.100\%=20\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,75}{5}=0,55\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{FeO\left(tt\right)}=\dfrac{36}{72}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi số mol FeO phản ứng là t (mol)
PTHH: FeO + H2 --to--> Fe + H2O
t--------------->t
=> 56t + (0,5-t).72 = 29,6
=> t = 0,4 (mol)
=> \(H\%=\dfrac{0,4}{0,5}.100\%=80\%\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right);n_{Fe}=\dfrac{16,8}{56}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ n_{H_2\left(tổng\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}.n_{Al}+n_{Fe}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,2+0,3=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ a,V=V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,6.22,4=13,44\left(l\right)\\ b,n_{HCl}=\dfrac{6}{2}.n_{Al}+2.n_{Fe}=\dfrac{6}{2}.0,2+2.0,3=1,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{HCl}=1,2.36,5=43,8\left(g\right)\\ c,n_{O_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ 2H_2+O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2H_2O\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,6}{2}>\dfrac{0,25}{1}\Rightarrow H_2dư,O_2hết\\ n_{H_2O}=2.n_{O_2}=2.0,25=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{H_2O}=0,5.18=9\left(g\right)\)
lag r =.=