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a) Gọi số mol H2 là x
=> nH2O=x(mol)
Theo ĐLBTKL: mA+mH2=mB+mH2O
=> 200 + 2x = 156 + 18x
=> x = 2,75 (mol)
=> VH2=2,75.22,4=61,6(l)
b) Gọi nCuO=a(mol)
nFe2O3=1,5a(mol)
=> 80a + 240a + 102b = 200
=> 320a + 102b = 200
PTHH: CuO + H2 --to--> Cu + H2O
a---------------->a
Fe2O3 + 3H2 --to--> 2Fe + 3H2O
1,5a------------------>3a
=> 64a + 168a + 102b = 156
=> 232a + 102b = 156
=> a = 0,5; b = \(\dfrac{20}{15}\)
%mCuO=\(\dfrac{0,5.80}{200}\).100%=20%
%mFe2O3=\(\dfrac{0,75.160}{200}\).100%=60%
%mAl2O3=\(\dfrac{\dfrac{20}{15}102}{200}\).100%=20%
c) nH2=\(\dfrac{2,75}{5}\)=0,55(mol)
nFeO(tt)=\(\dfrac{36}{72}\)=0,5(mol)
Gọi số mol FeO phản ứng là t (mol)
PTHH: FeO + H2 --to--> Fe + H2O
t--------------->t
=> 56t + (0,5-t).72 = 29,6
=> t = 0,4 (mol)
=> H%=\(\dfrac{0,4}{0,5}\).100%=80%
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}CuO:a\\Fe2O3:2a\end{matrix}\right.\)
a.\(80a+320a=24\Leftrightarrow a=0.06\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}CuO=0.06\\Fe2O3=0.12\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}CuO=4.8g\\Fe2O3=19.2g\end{matrix}\right.\)
b.\(CuO+H2\rightarrow Cu+H2O\)
a a a
\(Fe2O3+3H2\rightarrow2Fe+3H2O\)
2a 6a 4a
\(\Rightarrow V_{H2}=\left(a+6a\right)\times22.4=9.408l\)
c.nHCl = 0.2 mol
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl2+H2\)
0.1 0.2
m chất rắn còn lại = mCu + m Fe ban đầu - m Fe bị hòa tan
= \(a\times64+4a\times56-0.1\times56=11.68g\)
Bài 1:
a) PTHH: \(Fe_2O_3+3H_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}2Fe+2H_2O\)
\(CuO+H_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)
b) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe_2O_3}=20\cdot80\%=16\left(g\right)\\m_{CuO}=20-16=4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{16}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{CuO}=\dfrac{4}{80}=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2}=3n_{Fe_2O_3}+n_{CuO}=0,35\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,35\cdot22,4=7,84\left(l\right)\)
c) Theo các PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=2n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Cu}=n_{CuO}=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{hhB}=m_{Fe}+m_{Cu}=0,2\cdot56+0,05\cdot64=14,4\left(g\right)\)
Bài 2:
PTHH: \(Fe_2O_3+3H_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}2Fe+3H_2O\)
\(CuO+H_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)
a) Vì khối lượng Cu bằng \(\dfrac{6}{5}\) khối lượng Fe
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Cu}=\dfrac{26,4}{6+5}\cdot6=14,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=26,4-14,4=12\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Cu}=\dfrac{14,4}{64}=0,225\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=\dfrac{12}{56}=\dfrac{3}{14}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Fe}+n_{Cu}=\dfrac{9}{28}+0,225=\dfrac{153}{280}\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=\dfrac{153}{280}\cdot22,4=12,24\left(l\right)\)
b) Theo các PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Fe}=\dfrac{3}{28}\left(mol\right)\\n_{CuO}=n_{Cu}=0,225\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{3}{28}\cdot160\approx17,14\left(g\right)\\m_{CuO}=0,225\cdot80=18\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow m_{hh}=35,14\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{17,14}{35,14}\cdot100\%\approx48,78\%\\\%m_{CuO}=51,22\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Do ở TN2, khi tăng lượng HCl, khối lượng rắn tăng thêm
=> Trong TN1, HCl hết, kim loại dư
- Xét TN1
Theo ĐLBTKL: mA + mHCl = mrắn sau pư + mH2
=> 18,6 + 36,5.0,5a = 34,575 + 2.0,25a
=> a = 0,9
- Xét TN2:
Giả sử HCl hết
Theo ĐLBTKL: 18,6 + 0,9.36,5 = 39,9 + 0,45.2
=> 51,45 = 40,8 (vô lí)
=> HCl dư, kim loại hết
Gọi số mol Zn, Fe là a, b
=> 65a + 56b = 18,6
PTHH: Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl2 + H2
a--------------->a
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
b---------------->b
=> 136a + 127b = 39,9
=> a = 0,2 ; b = 0,1
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Zn}=0,2.65=13\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(4Al + 3O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2Al_2O_3\\ 3Fe + 2O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} Fe_3O_4\\ Fe_3O_4 + 4H_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 3Fe + 4H_2O\\ Ta\ có :\\ m_O = m_B - m_{hh} = 5,4 - 4,44 = 0,96(mol)\\ n_O = \dfrac{0,96}{32} = 0,03(mol)\\ \Rightarrow n_{Al_2O_3}= \dfrac{1}{3}n_O = 0,01(mol)\\ \Rightarrow n_{Al} = 2n_{Al_2O_3} = 0,02(mol)\\ m_{Al} = 0,02.54 = 1,08(gam)\\ m_{Fe} = 4,44 - 1,08 = 3,36(gam)\)
\(n_{CuO}=2a\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{Fe_2O_3}=a\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_X=80\cdot2a+160a=80\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow a=0.25\left(mol\right)\)
\(CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}Cu+H_2O\)
\(Fe_2O_3+3H_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}2Fe+3H_2O\)
\(n_{H_2}=0.5+0.25\cdot3=1.25\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=1.25\cdot22.4=28\left(l\right)\)
\(m_{cr}=0.5\cdot64+0.5\cdot56=60\left(g\right)\)
a) Gọi số mol H2 là x
=> \(n_{H_2O}=x\left(mol\right)\)
Theo ĐLBTKL: \(m_A+m_{H_2}=m_B+m_{H_2O}\)
=> 200 + 2x = 156 + 18x
=> x = 2,75 (mol)
=> \(V_{H_2}=2,75.22,4=61,6\left(l\right)\)
b) Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CuO}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe_2O_3}=1,5a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al_2O_3}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> 80a + 240a + 102b = 200
=> 320a + 102b = 200
PTHH: CuO + H2 --to--> Cu + H2O
a---------------->a
Fe2O3 + 3H2 --to--> 2Fe + 3H2O
1,5a------------------>3a
=> 64a + 168a + 102b = 156
=> 232a + 102b = 156
=> a = 0,5; b = \(\dfrac{20}{51}\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{CuO}=\dfrac{0,5.80}{200}.100\%=20\%\\\%m_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{0,75.160}{200}.100\%=60\%\\\%m_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{\dfrac{20}{51}.102}{200}.100\%=20\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,75}{5}=0,55\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{FeO\left(tt\right)}=\dfrac{36}{72}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi số mol FeO phản ứng là t (mol)
PTHH: FeO + H2 --to--> Fe + H2O
t--------------->t
=> 56t + (0,5-t).72 = 29,6
=> t = 0,4 (mol)
=> \(H\%=\dfrac{0,4}{0,5}.100\%=80\%\)