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ta có :
\(P\left(x^2\right)=x^2\left(x^2+1\right)P\left(x\right)\Rightarrow\frac{P\left(x^2\right)}{x^4\left(x^4-1\right)}=\frac{P\left(x\right)}{x^2\left(x^2-1\right)}\)
Đặt \(f\left(x\right)=\frac{P\left(x\right)}{x^2\left(x^2-1\right)}\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)=f\left(x^2\right)\forall x\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)=f\left(-x\right)=f\left(x^2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)=f\left(\sqrt{x}\right)=...=f\left(\sqrt[2^n]{x}\right)=f\left(1\right)\) với mọi x>0
nên ta có f(x) là hàm hằng
hay \(\frac{P\left(x\right)}{x^2\left(x^2-1\right)}=c\text{ mà }P\left(2\right)=2\Rightarrow c=\frac{1}{6}\)
Vậy \(P\left(x\right)=\frac{1}{6}\left(x^2\left(x^2-1\right)\right)\)
Bài `1:`
`a)3x^3+6x^2=3x^2(x+2)`
`b)x^2-y^2-2x+2y=(x-y)(x+y)-2(x-y)=(x-y)(x+y-2)`
Bài `2:`
`a)(2x-1)^2-25=0`
`<=>(2x-1-5)(2x-1+5)=0`
`<=>(2x-6)(2x+4)=0`
`<=>[(x=3),(x=-2):}`
`b)Q.(x^2+3x+1)=x^3+2x^2-2x-1`
`<=>Q=[x^3+2x^2-2x-1]/[x^2+3x+1]`
`<=>Q=[x^3-x^2+3x^2-3x+x-1]/[x^2+3x+1]`
`<=>Q=[(x-1)(x^2+3x+1)]/[x^2+3x+1]=x-1`
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Ta có:
\(x^2+ax+b=\left(x+1\right)\cdot P\left(x\right)+6\)
\(x^2+ax+b=\left(x-2\right)\cdot Q\left(x\right)+3\)
Với \(x=-1\Rightarrow x^2+ax+b=6\Leftrightarrow1-a+b=6\Rightarrow-a+b=6\)
Với \(x=2\Rightarrow x^2+ax+b=6\Leftrightarrow4+2a+b=6\Leftrightarrow2a+b=2\)
Từ \(\left(1\right);\left(2\right)\Rightarrow-3a=4\Rightarrow a=-\frac{4}{3}\Rightarrow b=\frac{14}{3}\)
\(\dfrac{B\left(x\right)}{x^2+2x-5}=\dfrac{x^4-4x^3-19x^2+106x+m}{x^2+2x-5}\)
\(=\dfrac{x^4+2x^3-5x^2-6x^3-12x^2+30x-2x^2-4x+10+80x+m-10}{x^2+2x-5}\)
\(=x^2-6x-2+\dfrac{80x+m-10}{x^2+2x+5}\)
Để đây là phép chia hết thì 80x=-m+10
hay x=-m+10/80
Sử dụng định lý Bezout:
a/ \(g\left(x\right)=0\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(f\left(x\right)⋮g\left(x\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}f\left(1\right)=0\\f\left(2\right)=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=1\\2a+b=4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=3\\b=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
b/ \(g\left(x\right)=0\Rightarrow x=-1\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(-1\right)=0\Rightarrow-a+b=2\Rightarrow b=a+2\)
Tất cả các đa thức có dạng \(f\left(x\right)=2x^3+ax+a+2\) đều chia hết \(g\left(x\right)=x+1\) với mọi a
c/ \(g\left(x\right)=0\Rightarrow x=-2\Rightarrow f\left(-2\right)=0\Rightarrow4a+b=-30\)
\(2x^4+ax^2+x+b=\left(x^2-1\right).Q\left(x\right)+x\)
Thay \(x=1\Rightarrow a+b=-2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4a+b=-30\\a+b=-2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=-\frac{28}{3}\\b=\frac{22}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
d/ Tương tự: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}f\left(2\right)=8a+4b-40=0\\f\left(-5\right)=-125a+25b-75=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\\b=\end{matrix}\right.\)
`@` `\text {Ans}`
`\downarrow`
Ta có:
`A(x) = B(x)* Q(x) - x + 1`
`A(x) = x^3-2x^2+x`; `Q(x) = x - 1`
`<=> B(x) * (x - 1) - x + 1 = x^3 - 2x^2 + x`
`<=> B(x) * (x - 1) = x^3 - 2x^2 + x + x - 1`
`<=> B(x) * (x - 1) = x^3 - 2x^2 + 2x - 1`
`<=> B(x) = (x^3 - 2x^2 + 2x - 1) \div (x - 1)`
`<=> B(x) = x^2 - x + 1`
Vậy, `B(x) = x^2 - x + 1.`
A(x)=B(x)*Q(x)-x+1
=>x^3-2x^2+x=B(x)(x-1)-x+1
=>B(x)*(x-1)=x^3-2x^2+x+x-1=x^3-2x^2+2x-1
=>\(B\left(x\right)=\dfrac{x^3-2x^2+2x-1}{x-1}=\dfrac{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)-2x\left(x-1\right)}{x-1}\)
=>B(x)=x^2+x+1-2x
=>B(x)=x^2-x+1