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1) \(\sqrt{5-2x}=6\left(đk:x\le\dfrac{5}{2}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow5-2x=36\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x=-31\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{31}{2}\left(tm\right)\)
2) \(\sqrt{2-x}=\sqrt{x+1}\left(đk:2\ge x\ge-1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2-x=x+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x=1\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(tm\right)\)
3) \(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(2x+1\right)^2}=6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left|2x+1\right|=6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x+1=6\\2x+1=-6\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{5}{2}\\x=-\dfrac{7}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
4) \(\sqrt{x^2-10x+25}=x-2\left(đk:x\ge2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(x-5\right)^2}=x-2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left|x-5\right|=x-2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-5=x-2\left(x\ge5\right)\\x-5=2-x\left(2\le x< 5\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}5=2\left(VLý\right)\\x=\dfrac{7}{2}\left(tm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Lời giải:
ĐKXĐ: $x\geq 1$
PT $\Leftrightarrow (x^2-2x)+(\sqrt{4x+1}-3)+(\sqrt{x-1}-1)=0$
$\Leftrightarrow x(x-2)+\frac{4(x-2)}{\sqrt{4x+1}+3}+\frac{x-2}{\sqrt{x-1}+1}=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (x-2)\left[x+\frac{4}{\sqrt{4x+1}+3}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{x-1}+1}\right]=0$
Dễ thấy với mọi $x\geq 1$ thì biểu thức trong ngoặc vuông luôn dương.
$\Rightarrow x-2=0$
$\Leftrightarrow x=2$ (tm)
Do vế trái dương nên pt chỉ có nghiệm khi \(x\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\), kết hợp điều kiện \(2x^4-3x^2+1\ge0\Rightarrow x\ge1\)
Khi đó:
\(4x-3=\sqrt{2x^4-3x^2+1}+\sqrt{2x^4-x^2}\ge\sqrt{2x^4-3x^2+1+2x^4-x^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow4x-3\ge\sqrt{4x^4-4x^2+1}\)
\(\Rightarrow4x-3\ge\left|2x^2-1\right|=2x^2-1\)
\(\Rightarrow2x^2-4x+2\le0\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(x-1\right)^2\le0\)
\(\Rightarrow x=1\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{4x^2+2x+3}=a;\sqrt{x^2+1}=b\Rightarrow a^2-4b^2=2x-1\).
PT \(\Leftrightarrow a^2-4b^2=a-2b\Leftrightarrow\left(a-2b\right)\left(a+2b-1\right)=0\)
...
\(ĐK:x\ge\frac{1}{2}\)
Bình phương 2 vế ta dc:
\(x^2+2x+2x-1+2\sqrt{\left(x^2+2x\right)\left(2x-1\right)}=3x^2+4x+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x^2+4x+1-x^2-2x-2x+1=2\sqrt{\left(x^2+2x\right)\left(2x-1\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+2=2\sqrt{\left(x^2+2x\right)\left(2x-1\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+1=\sqrt{\left(x^2+2x\right)\left(2x-1\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow x^4+2x^2+1=2x^3+3x^2-2x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^4+2x^2+1-2x^3-3x^2+2x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-x-1\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x^2-x-1=0\)
\(\Delta=\left(-1\right)^2-4.\left(-1\right)=5>0\)
\(\Rightarrow x_1=\frac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(TM\right);x_2=\frac{1-\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(loai\right)\)
Vậy...
\(\leftrightarrow\sqrt{4x^2-1}-\sqrt{2x^2-x}-\sqrt{2x+1}+\sqrt{x}=0\)
\(\leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(2x+1\right)\left(2x-1\right)}-\sqrt{x\left(2x-1\right)}-\sqrt{2x+1}+\sqrt{x}=0\)
\(\leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x+1}\left(\sqrt{2x-1}-1\right)-\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{2x-1}-1\right)=0\)
\(\leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{2x+1}-\sqrt{x}\right)\left(\sqrt{2x-1}-1\right)=0\)
\(\leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x+1}-\sqrt{x}=0hoặc\sqrt{2x-1}-1=0\)
ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge-\frac{1}{4}\)
Đặt \(2\sqrt{x+2}+\sqrt{4x+1}=t>0\)
\(\Rightarrow t^2+3=8x+12+4\sqrt{4x^2+9x+2}\)
\(\Rightarrow2x+3+\sqrt{4x^2+9x+2}=\frac{t^2+3}{4}\) (1)
Pt trở thành:
\(\frac{t^2+3}{4}=t\Leftrightarrow t^2-4t+3=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=1\\t=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
Thay vào (1)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x+3+\sqrt{4x^2+9x+2}=1\left(2\right)\\2x+3+\sqrt{4x^2+9x+2}=3\left(3\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow2x+2+\sqrt{4x^2+9x+2}=0\)
Do \(x\ge-\frac{1}{4}\Rightarrow VT\ge2.\left(-\frac{1}{4}\right)+2>0\) nên (1) vô nghiệm
Xét (2): \(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{4x^2+9x+2}=-2x\) (\(x\le0\))
\(\Leftrightarrow4x^2+9x+2=4x^2\)
\(\Rightarrow x=-\frac{2}{9}\) (thỏa mãn)
Loại bỏ dấu căn bằng cách lũy thừa mỗi vế lên = cơ số của dấu căn.
\(x=\frac{1+i\sqrt{5}}{3};\frac{1-i\sqrt{5}}{3}\)
đk: \(\forall x\inℝ\)
Ta có: \(\sqrt{x^2-2x+1}=\sqrt{4x^2-4x+1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)^2}=\sqrt{\left(2x-1\right)^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left|x-1\right|=\left|2x-1\right|\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x-1=2x-1\\x-1=1-2x\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}\orbr{\begin{cases}x=0\\3x=2\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=0\\x=\frac{2}{3}\end{cases}}\)
PT \(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2x+1=4x^2-4x+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x^2-2x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(3x-2\right)=0\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=\frac{2}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy phương trình có tập nghiệm \(S=\left\{0;\frac{2}{3}\right\}\)