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Ta chứng minh BĐT sau với các số dương:
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\)
Thật vậy, BĐT tương đương: \(\dfrac{x+y}{xy}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2\ge4xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2xy+y^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Áp dụng:
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\) ; \(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{4}{b+c}\) ; \(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\ge\dfrac{4}{c+a}\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(2\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}+\dfrac{4}{b+c}+\dfrac{4}{c+a}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{2}{a+b}+\dfrac{2}{b+c}+\dfrac{2}{c+a}\)
b.
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\Rightarrow\dfrac{3}{a}+\dfrac{3}{b}\ge\dfrac{12}{a+b}\) (1)
\(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{4}{b+c}\Rightarrow\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\ge\dfrac{8}{b+c}\) (2)
\(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\ge\dfrac{4}{c+a}\) (3)
Cộng vế với vế (1); (2) và (3):
\(\dfrac{4}{a}+\dfrac{5}{b}+\dfrac{3}{c}\ge4\left(\dfrac{3}{a+b}+\dfrac{2}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\right)\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
BĐT svac
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{\left(1+1\right)^2}{a+b}=\frac{4}{a+b}\forall a,b>0\)
a/CM: \(\left(\frac{a+b}{2}\right)^2\ge ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b}{2}\ge\sqrt{ab}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b\ge2\sqrt{ab}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2\ge0\) ( luôn đúng với mọi a,b>0)
CM: \(\frac{a^2+b^2}{2}\ge\left(\frac{a+b}{2}\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2\left(a^2+b^2\right)}{4}\ge\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\ge\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2\ge2ab\) ( luôn đúng)
b/CM: \(\frac{a^3+b^3}{2}\ge\left(\frac{a+b}{2}\right)^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{4\left(a^3+b^3\right)}{8}\ge\frac{\left(a+b\right)^3}{8}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(a^3+b^3\right)\ge3a^2b+3ab^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2\left(a-b\right)+b^2\left(b-a\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2-b^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\left(a+b\right)\ge0\) ( luôn đúng với mọi a,b>0)
c/CM: \(a^4+b^4\ge a^3b+ab^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3\left(a-b\right)-b^3\left(a-b\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\left(a^2+b^2+ab\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\left(a^2+\frac{2ab}{2}+\frac{b^2}{4}+\frac{3b^2}{4}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\left(\left(a+\frac{b}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3b^2}{4}\right)\ge0\) ( luôn đúng)
d/Ta xét hiệu: \(a^4-4a+3\)
\(=a^4-2a^2+1+2a^2-4a+2\)
\(=\left(a-1\right)^2+2\left(a-1\right)^2\ge0\)
Suy ra BĐT luôn đúng
e/Ta xét hiệu:( Làm nhanh)
\(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc\)\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\right)\ge0\)
f/Ta có: \(\frac{a^6}{b^2}-a^4+\frac{a^2b^2}{4}+\frac{b^6}{a^2}-b^4+\frac{a^2b^2}{4}\)
\(=\left(\frac{a^3}{b}-\frac{ab}{2}\right)^2+\left(\frac{b^3}{a}-\frac{ab}{2}\right)^2\ge0\)(1)
Mà \(\frac{a^2b^2}{4}+\frac{a^2b^2}{4}\ge0\)(2)
Lấy (1) trừ (2) được: \(\frac{a^6}{b^2}+\frac{b^6}{a^2}-a^4-b^4\ge0\RightarrowĐPCM\)
g/Làm rồi..xem lại trong trang cá nhân
h/Xét hiệu có: \(\left(a^5+b^5\right)\left(a+b\right)-\left(a^4+b^4\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)\)
\(=a^5b+ab^5-a^2b^4-a^4b^2\)
\(=a^4b\left(a-b\right)-ab^4\left(a-b\right)\)
\(=ab\left(a^2-b^2\right)\left(a-b\right)\)
\(=ab\left(a+b\right)\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\forall ab>0\)
Suy ra ĐPCM
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\Rightarrow ab+b^2+a^2+ab\ge4ab\left(a,b>0\right)\)
<=>a2+b2-2ab\(\ge\)0
<=>(a-b)2\(\ge\)0(luôn đúng)
=>điều cần chứng minh
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)
\(\frac{a+b}{ab}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)
(a + b) (a + b) \(\ge\) 4ab
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\)
Mà a,b > 0 nên a + b > 0
=> \(\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\)
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)
\(\frac{b}{ab}+\frac{a}{ab}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)
\(\frac{a+b}{ab}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(a+b\right)\ge4ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2-4ab\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\) \(\left(ĐK:a>0;b>0\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b}{ab}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(a+b\right)\ge4ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2\ge4ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2-4ab\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\) (BĐT luôn đúng)
Vậy \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)
a/ \(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b\)
b/ \(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2\ge2ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2-2ab\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b\)
c/ \(\Leftrightarrow a^2+2a< a^2+2a+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow0< 1\) (hiển nhiên đúng)
d/ \(\Leftrightarrow m^2-2m+1+n^2-2n+1\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(m-1\right)^2+\left(n-1\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(m=n=1\)
e/ \(\Leftrightarrow1+\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}+1\ge4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2+b^2}{ab}\ge2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2\ge2ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
a)Áp dụng BĐT cosi-schwart:
`A=1/a+1/b+1/c>=9/(a+b+c)`
Mà `a+b+c<=3/2`
`=>A>=9:3/2=6`
Dấu "=" `<=>a=b=c=1/2`
b)Áp dụng BĐT cosi:
`a+1/(4a)>=1`
`b+1/(4b)>=1`
`c+1/(4c)>=1`
`=>a+b+c+1/(4a)+1/(4b)+1/(4c)>=3`
Ta có:
`1/a+1/b+1/c>=6`(Ở câu a)
`=>3/4(1/a+1/b+1/c)>=9/2`
`=>a+b+c+1/(a)+1/(b)+1/(c)>=3+9/2=15/2`
Dấu "=" `<=>a=b=c=1/2`
a)Áp dụng BĐT cosi-schwart:
A=1a+1b+1c≥9a+b+cA=1a+1b+1c≥9a+b+c
Mà a+b+c≤32a+b+c≤32
⇒A≥9:32=6⇒A≥9:32=6
Dấu "=" ⇔a=b=c=12⇔a=b=c=12
b)Áp dụng BĐT cosi:
a+14a≥1a+14a≥1
b+14b≥1b+14b≥1
c+14c≥1c+14c≥1
⇒a+b+c+14a+14b+14c≥3⇒a+b+c+14a+14b+14c≥3
Ta có:
1a+1b+1c≥61a+1b+1c≥6(Ở câu a)
⇒34(1a+1b+1c)≥92⇒34(1a+1b+1c)≥92
⇒a+b+c+1a+1b+1c≥3+92=152⇒a+b+c+1a+1b+1c≥3+92=152
Dấu "=" ⇔a=b=c=12
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{b.\left(a+b\right)}{ab.\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{a.\left(a+b\right)}{ab.\left(a+b\right)}\ge\frac{4ab}{ab.\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(ab+b^2+a^2+ab\ge4ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a^2+b^2+2ab-4ab\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a^2-2ab+b^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\) ( đpcm )
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b}{ab}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\left(true\right)\)