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Ever since humans have inhabited the earth, they have made use of various forms of communication Generally, this expression of thoughts and feelings has been in the form of oral speech. When there is a language barrier, communication is accomplished through sign language in which motions stand for letters, words, and ideas. Tourists, the deaf, and the mute have had to resort to this form of expression. Many of these symbols of the whole words are very picturesque and exact and can be used internationally, spelling, however, cannot. Body language transmits ideas or thoughts by certain actions, either intentionally or unintentionally. A wink can be a way of flirting or indicating that the party is only joking. A nod signifies approval, while shaking the head indicates a negative reaction.
Other forms of nonlinguistic language can be found in Braille (a system of raised dots read with the fingertips), signal flags, Morse code, and smoke signals. Road maps and picture signs also guide, warm, and instruct people.
While verbalization is most common form of language, other systems and techniques also express human thoughts and feelings.
1. Which of the following best summarizes this passage?
A. When language is a barrier, people will find other forms of communication
B. Everybody uses only one form of communication
C. Nonlinguistic language is invaluable to foreigners
D. Although other forms of communication exist, verbalization is the fastest
2. The word “these” in the first paragraph refers to …………………………
A. tourist s B. the deaf and the mute
C. thoughts and feelings D. sign language motions
3. All of the following statements are true EXCEPT ………………………..
A. There are many forms of communication in existence today
B. Verbalization is the most common form of communication
C. The deaf and mute can use an oral form of communication
D. Ideas and thoughts can be transmitted by body language
4. Which form other than oral speech would be the most commonly used among blind people ?
A. Picture signs B. Braille C. Body language D. Signal flags
5. Sign language is said to be very picturesque and exact and can be used internationally EXCEPT for …………………………………..
A. spelling B. ideas C. whole words D. expressions
LEARNING A LANGUAGE
Speech is one of the most important (1)_________of communicating. It consists of far more than just making noises. To talk and also to (2)_________by other people, we have to speak a language, that is, we have to use combinations of (3)_________that everyone agrees stand for a particular object or idea. Communication would be impossible if everyone made up their own language.
Learning a language properly is very (4)_________. The basic (6)_________ of English is not very large, and only about 2000 words are needed to speak it quite …56…. But the more words you know, the more ideas you can (7)_________and the more precise you can be about their exact meaning.
Words are the (8)_________ thing we use in communicating what we want to say. The way we (9)_________ the words is also very important. Our tone of voice can express many emotions and (10)_________whether we are pleased of angry, for instance.
1. A. ways B. reasons C. rules D. tests
2. A. be examined B. be talked C. be understood D. be spoken
3. A. sounds B. languages C. systems D. talks
4. A. important B. expensive C. simple D. easy
5. A. word B. vocabulary C. grammar D. structure
6. A. good B. fluent C. well D. perfect
7. A. grow B. need C. pass D. express
8. A. most B. main C. certain D. full
9. A. send B. talk C. say D. pass
10. A. asks B. understands C. knows D. shows
1. A. ways B. reasons C. rules D. tests
2. A. be examined B. be talked C. be understood D. be spoken
3. A. sounds B. languages C. systems D. talks
4. A. important B. expensive C. simple D. easy
5. A. word B. vocabulary C. grammar D. structure
6. A. good B. fluent C. well D. perfect
7. A. grow B. need C. pass D. express
8. A. most B. main C. certain D. full
9. A. send B. talk C. say D. pass
10. A. asks B. understands C. knows D. shows
Language is a means of communication so each nation has its own language. However some nations have the same language. According to the speakers' use of language, it is called the first, second or foreign language. Among the languages used by most people in the world is English. This does not mean that English is spoken by greater number of speakers than any other languages, for it is easily outnemberred by Chinese in this respect. However, it is the most international of languages because it provides ready access to the world scholarship and world trade. That is the reason why millions of men and women try to master it.
One day in 1963, a dolphin named Elvar and a famous astronomer, Carl Sagan, were playing a little game. The astronomer was visiting an institute which was looking into the way dolphins communicate with each other. He was standing at the edge of one of tanks where several of these highly intelligent, friendly creatures were kept. Elvar had just swum up alongside him and had turned on his back. He wanted Sagan to scratch his stomach again, as the astronomer had done twice before. But this time Elvar was too deep in the water for Sagan to reach him. Elvar looked up at Sagan, waiting. Then, after a minute or so, the dolphin leapt up through the water into the air and made a sound just like the words "More!"
The astonished astronomer went to the director of the institute and told him about the incident.
"Oh, yes. That´s one of the words he knows," the director said, showing no surprise at all.
Dolphins have bigger brains in proportion to their body size than humans have, and it has been known for a long time that they can make a number of sounds. What is more, these sounds seem to have different functions, such as warning each other of danger. Sound travels much faster and further in water than it does in air. That is why the parts of the brain that deal with sound are much better developed in dolphins than in humans. But can it be said that dolphins have a "language", in the real sense of the word? Scientist don´t agree on this.
1/ The dolphin leapt into the air because
A. Sagan was too near the water
B. it was part of the game they were playing.
C. he wanted Sagan to scratch him again
D. Sagan wanted to communicate with him
2/ "Dolphins" brains are particularly well developed to
A. help them to travle fast in water
B. arrange sounds in different structures
C. respond to different kinds of sound
D. communicate with humans through sound
Give the correct form of the word in brackets
BILINGUALISM IN CHILDREN
Bilingualism or having two languages in the brain, it was said, disrupted (1.effect) .....effective..thinking. It was argued that having one well- developed language was superior to having two (2.develop)..half-developed ... languages. However, we now know that this early research was misconceived and (3.correction)... incorrect.... The most recent research from Canada, the United States and Wales suggests that bilinguals are, at least, equal to monolinguals, who just know one language, on IQ tests. Far from making people mentally (4.confusion).......confused., bilingualism is now associated with a mild degree of intellectual (5.superior)..superiority.... Research across different continents of the world shows that bilinguals tend to be more fluent, flexible, orginal and elaborate in their answers to this type of open- ended question. Bilinguals are called divergent thinlrrs who like (6.imagine)......imagining. answers to a question. There are other dimensions in thinking where approximately balanced bilimguals may have temporary and (7.occasion)...occasionally .... permanent advantages over monolinguals: increased (8.sense)..sensitivity ...... to communication, a slightly speedier movement through the stages of cognitive (9.develop)...development...., and being less fixed on the sounds of words and more centered on the meaning of words. These advantages may mean an (10.initiate).....initial ... head start in learning to read and learning to think about language
29.C
30.D
31.A
32.C
c
a
a
c