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Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CH_4}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{C_2H_6}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{14,4}{18}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
\(CH_4+2O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}CO_2+2H_2O\)
x-------->2x----------->2x
\(C_2H_6+\dfrac{7}{2}O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2CO_2+3H_2O\)
y-------->3,5y------------->3y
Có hệ phương trình: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\\2x+3y=0,8\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
a
\(\%V_{CH_4}=\dfrac{0,1.22,4.100\%}{6,72}=33,33\%\)
\(\%V_{C_2H_6}=\dfrac{0,2.22,4.100\%}{6,72}=66,67\%\)
b
\(V_{O_2}=\left(2x+3,5y\right).22,4=\left(2.0,1+3,5.0,2\right).22,4=20,16\left(l\right)\)
Cho dữ liệu dư 10% như thế thì phải hỏi là V khí \(O_2\) đã lấy/ đã dùng chứ "cần lấy" là theo PTHH (không cần cho "Biết ...")
\(V_{O_2.đã.lấy}=\dfrac{20,16.\left(100+10\right)\%}{100\%}=22,176\left(l\right)\)
\(a,Đặt:n_{CH_4}=a\left(mol\right);n_{C_4H_{10}}=b\left(mol\right)\left(a,b>0\right)\\ PTHH:CH_4+2O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)CO_2+2H_2O\\ 2C_4H_{10}+13O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)8CO_2+10H_2O\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}16a+58b=7,4\\22,4a+22,4.4b=22\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{CH_4}=0,1.16=1,6\left(g\right)\\m_{C_4H_{10}}=0,1.58=5,8\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ b,n_{O_2}=2a+\dfrac{13}{2}b=2.0,1+6,5.0,1=0,85\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{O_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,85.22,4=19,04\left(l\right)\)
a) PTHH: \(2CO+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2CO_2\) (1)
\(4H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2H_2O\) (2)
b) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\Sigma n_{O_2}=\dfrac{9,6}{32}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{8,8}{44}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{O_2\left(1\right)}=0,1mol\\n_{O_2\left(2\right)}=0,2mol\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{CO}=0,1\cdot28=2,8\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2}=0,2\cdot2=0,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{CO}=\dfrac{2,8}{2,8+0,4}\cdot100\%=87,5\%\\\%m_{H_2}=12,5\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) PTHH: \(2KMnO_4\underrightarrow{t^o}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\uparrow\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{KMnO_4}=2n_{O_2}=0,6mol\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{KMnO_4}=0,6\cdot158=94,8\left(g\right)\)
Câu 1 :
\(n_X=\dfrac{3.36}{22.4}=0.15\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{12.32}{22.4}=0.55\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_C=0.55\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{10.8}{18}=0.6\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_H=0.6\cdot2=1.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_X=m_C+m_H=0.55\cdot12+1.2=7.8\left(g\right)\)
\(\overline{M}_X=\dfrac{7.8}{0.15}=52\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\)
\(d_{\dfrac{X}{H_2}}=\dfrac{52}{2}=26\)
Câu 2 :
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{a}{27}\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{a}{56}\left(mol\right)\)
Để cân thăng bằng thì lượng khí H2 thoát ra phải như nhau.
Vì :
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{a}{56}< n_{Al}=\dfrac{a}{27}\left(mol\right)\)
và lượng H2 sinh ra ở cả 2 phản ứng trên phụ thuộc vào HCl là như nhau
Để cân thăng bằng thì lượng HCl cho vào không vượt quá lượng tối đa để hòa tan Fe
\(n_{HCl}=2n_{Fe}=\dfrac{2a}{56}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow b\le\dfrac{2a}{56}\)
\(2CO + O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2CO_2(1)\\ 2H_2 + O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2H_2O(2)\\ n_{CO} = n_{CO_2} = \dfrac{4,48}{22,4} = 0,2(mol)\\ n_{O_2(1)} = \dfrac{n_{CO_2}}{2} = 0,1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow n_{H_2} = 2n_{O_2(2)} = 2.(\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}-0,1)=0,4(mol)\\ \%V_{CO} = \dfrac{0,2}{0,2+0,4}.100\% = 33,33\%\\ \%V_{H_2} = 100\% -33,33\% = 66,67\%\)
\(\%m_{CO} = \dfrac{0,2.28}{0,2.28+0,4.2}.100\% = 87,5\%\\ \%m_{H_2} = 100\% - 87,5\% = 12,5\%\)
nO (trong CO2) = 2 . nCO2 = 2 . 26,4/44 = 1,2 (mol)
nO (trong H2O) = nH2O = 13,5/18 = 0,75 (mol)
nO (trong O2) = 1,2 + 0,75 = 1,95 (mol)
nO2 = 1,95/2 = 0,975 (mol)
VO2 = 0,975 . 22,4 = 21,84 (l)
Vkk = 21,84 . 5 = 109,2 (l)
nO (trong CO2) = 2 . nCO2 = 2 . 26,4/44 = 1,2 (mol)
nO (trong H2O) = nH2O = 13,5/18 = 0,75 (mol)
nO (trong O2) = 1,2 + 0,75 = 1,95 (mol)
nO2 = 1,95/2 = 0,975 (mol)
VO2 = 0,975 . 22,4 = 21,84 (l)
Vkk = 21,84 . 5 = 109,2 (l)
nCO2 = 8.8/44 = 0.2 (mol)
nO2 = 9.6/32 = 0.3 (mol)
2CO + O2 -to-> 2CO2
0.2____0.1______0.2
2H2 + O2 -to-> 2H2O
0.4___0.3-0.1
%CO = 0.2*28 / ( 0.2*28 + 0.4*2) * 100% = 87.5%
%H2 = 12.5%
=> D
\(2CO + O_2\xrightarrow{t^o} 2CO_2(1)\\ n_{CO} = n_{CO_2} = \dfrac{8,8}{44} = 0,2(mol)\\ n_{O_2(1)} = \dfrac{n_{CO_2}}{2} = 0,1(mol)\\ 2H_2 +O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2H_2O(2)\\ n_{H_2} = 2n_{O_2(2)} = 2.(\dfrac{9,6}{32}-0,1) = 0,4(mol)\\ \Rightarrow \%m_{CO} = \dfrac{0,2.28}{0,2.28 + 0,4.2}.100\% = 87,5\%\\ \%m_{H_2} = 100\% - 87,5\% = 12,5\%\)
$\%m_{O_2(X)}=\dfrac{1,6}{1,6+4,4}.100\%=26,67\%$
$n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{4,4}{44}=0,1(mol);n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1,6}{16}=0,05(mol)$
$\Rightarrow \%V_{O_2(X)}=\dfrac{0,05}{0,05+0,1}.100\%=33,33\%$
$C+O_2\xrightarrow{t^o}CO_2$
Theo PT: $n_C=n_{O_2(p/ứ)}=n_{CO_2}=0,1(mol)$
$\Rightarrow n_{O_2(dùng)}=0,1+0,05=0,15(mol)$
$m_C=0,1.12=1,2(g);V_{O_2(dùng)}=0,15.22,4=3,36(lít)$
$\to m=1,2;V=3,36$
a, Có: \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{21,28}{22,4}=0,95\left(mol\right)\)
Theo ĐLBT KL, có: m + mO2 = mCO2 + mH2O
⇒ m = 28,6 + 14,4 - 0,95.32 = 12,6 (g)
b, Có: \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{28,6}{44}=0,65\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{14,4}{18}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
BTNT O, có: nCO + 2nO2 = 2nCO2 + nH2O
⇒ nCO = 0,65.2 + 0,8 - 0,95.2 = 0,2 (mol)
⇒ mCO = 0,2.28 = 5,6 (g)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{CO}=\dfrac{5,6}{12,6}.100\%\approx44,44\%\)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!