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1.
a/ \(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2+3x+2\right)+\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2-3x+2\right)-12=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2+2\right)+3x\left(x+1\right)-3x\left(x-1\right)+\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+2\right)-12=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x\left(x^2+2\right)+6x^2-12=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3+3x^2+2x-6=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+4x+6\right)=0\Rightarrow x=1\)
b/ Nhận thấy \(x=0\) ko phải nghiệm, chia 2 vế cho \(x^2\)
\(x^2+\frac{1}{x^2}+3\left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right)+4=0\)
Đặt \(x+\frac{1}{x}=t\Rightarrow x^2+\frac{1}{x^2}=t^2-2\)
\(t^2-2+3t+4=0\Rightarrow t^2+3t+2=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=-1\\t=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+\frac{1}{x}=-1\\x+\frac{1}{x}=-2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2+x+1=0\left(vn\right)\\x^2+2x+1=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow x=-1\)
1c/
\(\Leftrightarrow x^5+x^4-2x^4-2x^3+5x^3+5x^2-2x^2-2x+x+1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^4\left(x+1\right)-2x^3\left(x+1\right)+5x^2\left(x+1\right)-2x\left(x+1\right)+x+1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(x^4-2x^3+5x^2-2x+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\x^4-2x^3+5x^2-2x+1=0\left(1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow x^4-2x^3+x^2+x^2-2x+1+3x^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-x\right)^2+\left(x-1\right)^2+3x^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2-x=0\\x-1=0\\x=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\) không tồn tại x thỏa mãn
Vậy pt có nghiệm duy nhất \(x=-1\)
a.
$x^4-25x^3=0$
$\Leftrightarrow x^3(x-25)=0$
\(\Leftrightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} x^3=0\\ x-25=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} x=0\\ x=25\end{matrix}\right.\)
b.
$(x-5)^2-(3x-2)^2=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (x-5-3x+2)(x-5+3x-2)=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (-2x-3)(4x-7)=0$
\(\Leftrightarrow \left[\begin{matrix}
-2x-3=0\\
4x-7=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow \left[\begin{matrix}
x=\frac{-3}{2}\\
x=\frac{7}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)
c.
$x^3-4x^2-9x+36=0$
$\Leftrightarrow x^2(x-4)-9(x-4)=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (x-4)(x^2-9)=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (x-4)(x-3)(x+3)=0$
\(\Leftrightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} x-4=0\\ x-3=0\\ x+3=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} x=4\\ x=3\\ x=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)
d. ĐK: $x\neq 0$
$(-x^3+3x^2-4x):(\frac{-1}{2}x)=0$
$\Leftrightarrow x(-x^2+3x-4):(\frac{-1}{2}x)=0$
$\Leftrightarrow -2(-x^2+3x-4)=0$
$\Leftrightarrow x^2-3x+4=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (x-1,5)^2=-1,75< 0$ (vô lý)
Vậy pt vô nghiệm.
\(x^4-2x^3+3x^2-2x+1=0\)
Chia cả hai vé cho \(x^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2x+3-\dfrac{2}{x}+\dfrac{1}{x^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}-2\left(x+\dfrac{1}{x}\right)+1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+\dfrac{1}{x}\right)^2-2\left(x+\dfrac{1}{x}\right)+1=0\)
Đặt x+1/x = a, ta có:
\(a^2-2a+1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-1\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+\dfrac{1}{x}=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+1=x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-x+1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2.x.\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}=0\)
Do \(\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+3>0\)
Do đó phương trình vô nghiệm
Ta có : x4+3x3+4x2+3x+1=0
⇔ ( x4 + x3 ) + ( 2x3 + 2x2 ) + ( 2x2 + 2x ) + ( x + 1 ) = 0
⇔ x3 ( x + 1 ) + 2x2 ( x + 1 ) + 2x ( x+1 ) + ( x + 1 ) =0
⇔ ( x + 1 ) ( x3 + 2x2 + 2x + 1 ) = 0
⇔ ( x + 1 ) [ ( x3 + 1 ) + ( 2x2 + 2x ) ] = 0
⇔ ( x + 1 ) [ (x + 1 ) ( x2 - x +1 ) + 2x ( x + 1 ) ] =0
⇔ ( x +1 ) ( x + 1 ) ( x2 + x +1 ) =0
⇒ \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+1=0\\x^{2^{ }}+x+1=0\end{matrix}\right.\)<=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}=0\left(VoLy\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy x = -1
x4+3x3+4x2+3x+1=0
⇔(x4+2x3+x2)+(x3+2x2+1)+(x2+2x+1)=0
⇔x2(x2+2x+1)+x(x2+2x+1)+(x2+2x+1)=0
⇔x2(x+1)2+x(x+1)2+(x+1)2=0
⇔(x+1)2(x2+x+1)=0
Vì x2+x+1=x2+x+\(\dfrac{1}{4}\)+\(\dfrac{3}{4}\)=(x+\(\dfrac{1}{2}\))2+\(\dfrac{3}{4}\)>0 nên phương trình đã cho tương đương:
(x+1)2=0 ⇔(x+1)(x+1)=0 ⇔x=-1.
\(2x^4-10x^2+17=0\)
\(\Rightarrow4x^4-20x^2+68=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(2x-5\right)^2+33=0\)(vô lí)
phần b làm tương tự