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Câu 7:
a, \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
\(CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\)
b, \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1.56}{10}.100\%=56\%\\\%m_{CuO}=44\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c, \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{10-0,1.56}{80}=0,055\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{Fe}+n_{CuO}=0,155\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,155.98}{100}.100\%=15,19\%\)
d, Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{FeSO_4}=n_{Fe}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{CuSO_4}=n_{CuO}=0,055\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{FeSO_4}=0,1.152=15,2\left(g\right)\\m_{CuSO_4}=0,055.160=8,8\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Câu 8:
a, \(CuCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CuCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\)
b, \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{CuCO_3}=n_{CO_2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{CuCO_3}=\dfrac{0,15.124}{20}.100\%=93\%\\\%m_{CuCl_2}=7\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c, \(n_{HCl}=2n_{CO_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,2}=1,5\left(M\right)\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{6,48}{27}=0,24\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{17,6}{160}=0,11\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + Fe2O3 --to--> Al2O3 + 2Fe
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,24}{2}>\dfrac{0,11}{1}\) => Hiệu suất tính theo Fe2O3
Gọi số mol Fe2O3 pư là a (mol)
PTHH: 2Al + Fe2O3 --to--> Al2O3 + 2Fe
2a<-----a
=> nAl(sau pư) = 0,24 - 2a (mol)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1,344}{22,4}=0,06\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2KOH + 2Al + 2H2O --> 2KAlO2 + 3H2
0,04<---------------------0,06
=> 0,24 - 2a = 0,04
=> a = 0,1 (mol)
=> \(H\%=\dfrac{0,1}{0,11}.100\%=90,9\%\)
=> B
Câu 2:
Bảo toàn Fe: \(1.53\%.56.\dfrac{3}{232}=95\%.m_{gang}\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{gang}\approx 0,404(tấn)\)
Câu 3:
\(PTHH:H_2+Cl_2\xrightarrow{t^o} 2HCl(1)\\ V_{H_2}>V_{Cl_2}\Rightarrow H_2\text{ dư}\\ A:HCl\\ \Rightarrow PTHH:HCl+AgNO_3\to HNO_3+AgCl\downarrow\\ \Rightarrow n_{HCl}=n_{AgCl}=\dfrac{7,175}{143,5}=0,05(mol)\\ \Rightarrow n_{HCl(\text{trong 20g A})}=0,05.4=0,2(mol)\\ n_{HCl(1)}=2n_{Cl_2}=2.\dfrac{0,672}{22,4}=0,06\\ \Rightarrow H\%=\dfrac{0,06}{0,2}.100\%=30\%\)
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