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Ta có:\(\sqrt{\dfrac{yz}{x^2+2017}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{yz}{x^2+xy+yz+zx}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{yz}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\dfrac{y}{x+y}\cdot\dfrac{z}{x+z}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{y}{x+y}+\dfrac{z}{x+z}}{2}\)
Tương tự ta có:\(\sqrt{\dfrac{zx}{y^2+2017}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{x}{x+y}+\dfrac{z}{y+z}}{2}\)
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{xy}{z^2+2017}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{y}{z+y}+\dfrac{x}{x+z}}{2}\)
Cộng vế với vế ta có:
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{yz}{x^2+2017}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{zx}{y^2+2017}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{xy}{z^2+2017}}\)
\(\le\dfrac{\dfrac{y}{x+y}+\dfrac{z}{x+z}+\dfrac{z}{z+y}+\dfrac{x}{x+y}+\dfrac{y}{z+y}+\dfrac{x}{x+z}}{2}\)
\(=\dfrac{\dfrac{x+y}{x+y}+\dfrac{y+z}{y+z}+\dfrac{z+x}{z+x}}{2}=\dfrac{1+1+1}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\dfrac{\sqrt{2017}}{\sqrt{3}}\)
C.hóa \(x+y=1\) và dùng C-S:
\(VT^2\le\frac{2x}{\left(y+1\right)^2}+\frac{2y}{\left(x+1\right)^2}\le\frac{8}{9}=VP^2\)
\(BDT\Leftrightarrow\frac{x}{\left(2-x\right)^2}+\frac{y}{\left(2-y\right)^2}\le\frac{4}{9}\left(1\right)\)
Ta có BĐT phụ \(\frac{x}{\left(2-x\right)^2}\le\frac{20}{27}x-\frac{4}{27}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-\frac{\left(2x-1\right)^2\left(5x-16\right)}{27\left(x-2\right)^2}\le0\) *Đúng*
Tương tự cho 2 BĐT còn lại rồi cộng theo vế:
\(VT_{\left(1\right)}\le\frac{20}{27}\left(x+y\right)-\frac{4}{27}\cdot2=\frac{4}{9}=VP_{\left(1\right)}\)
"=" khi \(x=y=\frac{1}{2}\)
Đặt \(\left(x,y,z\right)\rightarrow\left(a,b,c\right)\) (chẳng có lý do j đâu mình gõ a,b,c quen hơn thôi)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel ta có:
\(3P=\frac{3\sqrt{ab}}{c+3\sqrt{bc}}+\frac{3\sqrt{bc}}{a+3\sqrt{bc}}+\frac{3\sqrt{ca}}{b+3\sqrt{ca}}\)
\(=3-\left(\frac{a}{a+3\sqrt{bc}}+\frac{b}{b+3\sqrt{ca}}+\frac{c}{c+3\sqrt{ab}}\right)\)
\(\le3-\left[\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+3\sqrt{abc}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)}\right]\)
\(\le3-\left[\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\right]\)
\(\le3-\left[\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}}\right]=3-\frac{9}{4}=\frac{3}{4}\)
Xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
\(P=\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}}{1+\sqrt{xy}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}}{1-\sqrt{xy}}\right):\left(\dfrac{x+y+2xy}{1-xy}+1\right)\)
Điều kiện : \(xy\ge0\) hoặc \(xy\le0\) ; \(xy\ne1\); \(x\ge0\);\(y\ge0\)
\(P=\left(\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)\left(1-\sqrt{xy}\right)+\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)\left(1+\sqrt{xy}\right)}{\left(1+\sqrt{xy}\right)\left(1-\sqrt{xy}\right)}\right):\left(\dfrac{x+2xy+y+1-xy}{1-xy}\right)\)
\(P=\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-x\sqrt{y}-\sqrt{y}+y\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{x}+x\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{y}+y\sqrt{x}}{1-xy}\right):\left(\dfrac{x+xy+y+1}{1-xy}\right)\)
\(P=\left(\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}+2y\sqrt{x}}{1-xy}\right):\left(\dfrac{x\left(1+y\right)+\left(y+1\right)}{1-xy}\right)\)
\(P=\left(\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}\left(1+y\right)}{1-xy}\right):\left(\dfrac{\left(1+y\right)\left(x+1\right)}{1-xy}\right)\)
\(P=\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}\left(1+y\right)}{1-xy}.\dfrac{1-xy}{\left(1+y\right)\left(x+1\right)}\)
\(P=\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}}{x+1}\)
b) ta có :\(x=\dfrac{2}{2+\sqrt{3}}=\dfrac{2\left(2-\sqrt{3}\right)}{\left(2-\sqrt{3}\right)\left(2+\sqrt{3}\right)}=\dfrac{4-2\sqrt{3}}{4-3}=3-2\sqrt{3}+1=\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)^2\)
thay \(x=\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)^2\) vào biểu thức P
ta được : \(P=\dfrac{2\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)^2}}{\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)^2+1}\)
\(P=\dfrac{2\left|\sqrt{3}-1\right|}{4-2\sqrt{3}+1}=\dfrac{2\sqrt{3}-2}{5-2\sqrt{3}}\)
\(P=\dfrac{\left(2\sqrt{3}-2\right)\left(5+2\sqrt{3}\right)}{\left(5-2\sqrt{3}\right)\left(5+2\sqrt{3}\right)}=\dfrac{10\sqrt{3}+12-10-4\sqrt{3}}{25-12}\)
\(P=\dfrac{6\sqrt{3}+2}{13}\)
c) để P\(\le\)1 thì \(\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}}{x+1}\le1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}}{x+1}-1\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}-x-1}{x+1}\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{-\left(x-2\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{x+1}\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{-\left(x-1\right)^2}{x+1}\le0\)
Vì \(-\left(x-1\right)^2\le0\) nên x + 1 \(\ge\) 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) x \(\ge\) -1
đúng thì cho xin 1 like nha
Lời giải:
Ta có:
\(\frac{x}{\sqrt{x^2+1}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{y^2+1}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt{z^2+1}}\)
\(=\frac{x}{\sqrt{x^2+xy+yz+xz}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{y^2+xy+yz+xz}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt{z^2+xy+yz+xz}}\)
\(=\frac{x}{\sqrt{(x+y)(x+z)}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{(y+z)(y+x)}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt{(z+x)(z+y)}}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy:
\(\frac{x}{\sqrt{(x+y)(x+z)}}\leq \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{x}{x+y}+\frac{x}{x+z}\right)\)
\(\frac{y}{\sqrt{(y+z)(y+x)}}\leq \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{y}{y+z}+\frac{y}{y+x}\right)\)
\(\frac{z}{\sqrt{(z+x)(z+y)}}\leq \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{z}{z+x}+\frac{z}{z+y}\right)\)
Cộng theo vế:
\(\frac{x}{\sqrt{(x+y)(x+z)}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{(y+z)(y+x)}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt{(z+x)(z+y)}}\leq \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{x+y}{x+y}+\frac{y+z}{y+z}+\frac{z+x}{z+x}\right)=\frac{3}{2}\)
Ta có đpcm
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
Thắng nên hạn chế dùng kiến thức lớp trên để giải bài lớp dưới vì thầy giáo sẽ không chấp nhận cách giải đo.
Từ bước \(P=\frac{t^2-t-3}{t^2+t+1}\) mình đề xuất sử dụng tam thức để giải
\(\Rightarrow t^2\left(P-1\right)+t\left(P+1\right)+P+3=0\)
Để PT có nghiệm thì
\(\Delta=\left(P+1\right)^2-4\left(P-1\right)\left(P+3\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-3P^2-6P+13\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{-4\sqrt{3}-3}{3}\le P\le\frac{4\sqrt{3}-3}{3}\)
*)Với \(y=0\) ta dễ thấy ĐPCM
*)Với \(y=0\) thì:
Đặt \(P=\frac{x^2-xy-3y^2}{x^2+xy+y^2}=\frac{\left(\frac{x}{y}\right)^2-\frac{x}{y}-3}{\left(\frac{x}{y}\right)^2+\frac{x}{y}+1}\)
Đặt \(t=\frac{x}{y}\) thì \(P=\frac{t^2-t-3}{t^2+t+1}\).Xét \(f\left(t\right)=\frac{t^2-t-3}{t^2+t+1}\)
\(f'\left(t\right)=\frac{2\left(t^2+4y+1\right)}{\left(t^2+t+1\right)^2};f'\left(t\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}t=-2-\sqrt{3}\\t=-2+\sqrt{3}\end{cases}}\)
Dựa vào bảng biến thiên: Max\(f\left(t\right)=f\left(-2-\sqrt{3}\right)=\frac{4\sqrt{3}-3}{3}\)
Min\(f\left(t\right)=f\left(-2+\sqrt{3}\right)=\frac{-4\sqrt{3}-3}{3}\)
Suy ra \(\frac{-4\sqrt{3}-3}{3}\le P\le\frac{4\sqrt{3}-3}{3}\)
\(\frac{-4\sqrt{3}-3}{3}\le\frac{x^2-xy-3y^2}{x^2+xy+y^2}\le\frac{4\sqrt{3}-3}{3}\)
Lại có: \(x^2+xy+y^2\le3\) nên \(-4\sqrt{3}-3\le x^2-xy-3y^2\le4\sqrt{3}-3\)