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Xét \(f\left[f\left(x\right)+x\right]=\left[f\left(x\right)+x\right]^2+m\left[f\left(x\right)+x\right]+n\)
\(=\left(x^2+mx+n+x\right)^2+m\left(x^2+mx+n+x\right)+n\)
\(=\left(x^2+mx+n\right)^2+2x\left(x^2+mx+n\right)+x^2+m\left(x^2+mx+n\right)+mx+n\)
\(=\left(x^2+mx+n\right)^2+2x\left(x^2+mx+n\right)+m\left(x^2+mx+n\right)+\left(x^2+mx+n\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+mx+n\right)\left(x^2+mx+n+2x+m+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+mx+n\right)\left[\left(x+1\right)^2+m\left(x+1\right)+n\right]\)
\(=f\left(x\right).f\left(x+1\right)\)
Thay \(x=2021\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left[f\left(2021\right)+2021\right]=f\left(2021\right).f\left(2022\right)\)
Đặt \(f\left(2021\right)+2021=k\)
Do \(f\left(x\right)\) có hệ số m;n nguyên \(\Rightarrow k\) nguyên
\(\Rightarrow f\left(k\right)=f\left(2021\right).f\left(2022\right)\) với k nguyên
Hay tồn tại số nguyên k thỏa mãn yêu cầu
Gt\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+\sqrt{x^2+2}\right)\left(x-\sqrt{x^2+2}\right)\left(y-1+\sqrt{y^2-2y+3}\right)=2\left(x-\sqrt{x^2+2}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-2\left(y-1+\sqrt{y^2-2y+3}\right)=2\left(x-\sqrt{x^2+2}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-\sqrt{x^2+2}+y-1+\sqrt{y^2-2y+3}=0\) (*)
\(\left(x+\sqrt{x^2+2}\right)\left(y-1+\sqrt{y^2-2y+3}\right)=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+\sqrt{x^2+2}\right)\left(y-1+\sqrt{y^2-2y+3}\right)\left(y-1-\sqrt{y^2-2y+3}\right)=2\left(y-1-\sqrt{y^2-2y+3}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+\sqrt{x^2+2}\right).-2=2\left(y-1-\sqrt{y^2+2y+3}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y-1-\sqrt{y^2+2y+3}+x+\sqrt{x^2+2}=0\) (2*)
Cộng vế với vế của (*) và (2*) => \(2x+2y-2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+y=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3+y^3+3xy\left(x+y\right)=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3+y^3+3xy=1\)
Ta có:`(x+sqrt{x^2+2})(sqrt{x^2+2}-x)=2`
`<=>sqrt{x^2+2}-x=y-1+sqrt{y^2-2y+3}`
`<=>sqrt{x^2+2}-sqrt{y^2-2y+3}=x+y-1(1)`
CMTT:`sqrt{y^2-2y+3}-(y-1)=x+sqrt{x^2+2}`
`<=>sqrt{y^2-2y+3}-y+1=x+sqrt{x^2+2}`
`<=>sqrt{y^2-2y+3}-sqrt{x^2+2}=x+y-1(2)`
Cộng từng vế (1)(2) ta có:
`2(x+y-1)=0`
`<=>x+y-1=0`
`<=>x+y=1`
`<=>(x+y)^3=1`
`<=>x^3+y^3+3xy(x+y)=1`
`<=>x^3+y^3+3xy=1`(do `x+y=1`)
Lời giải:
Từ \(xy+yz+xz=xyz\Rightarrow \frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=1\)
Đặt \((a,b,c)=\left(\frac{1}{x}; \frac{1}{y}; \frac{1}{z}\right)\Rightarrow a+b+c=1\)
BĐT cần chứng minh trở thành:
\(P=\frac{c^3}{(a+1)(b+1)}+\frac{a^3}{(b+1)(c+1)}+\frac{b^3}{(c+1)(a+1)}\geq \frac{1}{16}(*)\)
Thật vậy, áp dụng BĐT Cauchy ta có:
\(\frac{c^3}{(a+1)(b+1)}+\frac{a+1}{64}+\frac{b+1}{64}\geq 3\sqrt[3]{\frac{c^3}{64^2}}=\frac{3c}{16}\)
\(\frac{a^3}{(b+1)(c+1)}+\frac{b+1}{64}+\frac{c+1}{64}\geq 3\sqrt[3]{\frac{a^3}{64^2}}=\frac{3a}{16}\)
\(\frac{b^3}{(c+1)(a+1)}+\frac{c+1}{64}+\frac{a+1}{64}\geq 3\sqrt[3]{\frac{b^3}{64^2}}=\frac{3b}{16}\)
Cộng theo vế các BĐT trên và rút gọn :
\(\Rightarrow P+\frac{a+b+c+3}{32}\geq \frac{3(a+b+c)}{16}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P+\frac{4}{32}\geq \frac{3}{16}\Leftrightarrow P\geq \frac{1}{16}\)
Vậy \((*)\) được chứng minh. Bài toán hoàn tất.
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=3\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-y=a\\x-z=b\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow z-y=a-b\) và \(ab=1\)
\(VT=\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)^2}=\frac{a^2+b^2}{a^2b^2}+\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)^2}\)
\(VT=a^2+b^2+\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)^2}=\left(a-b\right)^2+\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)^2}+2ab=\left(a-b\right)^2+\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)^2}+2\)
\(VT\ge2\sqrt{\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{\left(a-b\right)^2}}+2=4\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)=1\\\left(y-z\right)^2=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
C=\(\dfrac{x-x^3}{x^2+1}\left(\dfrac{1}{1+2x+x^2}+\dfrac{1}{1-x^2}\right)+\dfrac{1}{1+x}\)
\(=\dfrac{x\left(1-x^2\right)}{x^2+1}\left(\dfrac{1}{\left(1+x\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(1-x\right)\left(1+x\right)}\right)+\dfrac{1}{1+x}\)
\(=\dfrac{x\left(1-x\right)\left(1+x\right)}{x^2+1}\left(\dfrac{1-x+1+x}{\left(1-x\right)\left(1+x\right)^2}\right)+\dfrac{1}{1+x}\)
\(=\dfrac{x\left(1-x\right)\left(1+x\right).2}{\left(x^2+1\right)\left(1-x\right)\left(1+x^2\right)}+\dfrac{1}{1+x}\)
\(=\dfrac{2x}{\left(x^2+1\right)\left(1+x\right)}+\dfrac{1}{1+x}\)
\(=\dfrac{2x+\left(x^2+1\right)}{\left(x^2+1\right)\left(1+x\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{2x+x^2+1}{\left(x^2+1\right)\left(x+1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x^2+2x+1}{\left(x^2+1\right)\left(x+1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)^2}{\left(x^2+1\right)\left(x +1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x+1}{x^2+1}\)
Lời giải:
Đặt $x=[x]+m$ với $0\leq m< 1$
$[x+n]=[[x]+n+m]$. Vì $[x]+n$ nguyên, $0\leq m< 1$ nên:
$[[x]+n+m]=[x]+n$ theo tính chất phần nguyên (đpcm)