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Câu hỏi của Trần Minh Hưng - Toán lớp | Học trực tuyến
a) \(A=\frac{4}{3}+\frac{7}{3^2}+\frac{10}{3^3}+...+\frac{301}{3^{100}}\)
\(\Rightarrow3A=4+\frac{7}{3}+\frac{10}{3^2}+...+\frac{301}{3^{100}}\)
\(\Rightarrow3A-A=\left(4+\frac{7}{3}+\frac{10}{3^2}+...+\frac{301}{3^{99}}\right)-\left(\frac{4}{3}+\frac{7}{3^2}+...+\frac{301}{3^{100}}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow2A=4+1+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{3^{98}}-\frac{301}{3^{100}}\)
Đặt \(F=1+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{3^{98}}\)
\(\Rightarrow3F=3+1+...+\frac{1}{3^{97}}\)
\(\Rightarrow3F-F=\left(3+...+\frac{1}{3^{97}}\right)-\left(1+...+\frac{1}{3^{98}}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow2F=3-\frac{1}{3^{98}}< 3\)
\(\Rightarrow F< \frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow2A< 4+\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow2A< \frac{11}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< \frac{11}{4}\left(đpcm\right)\)
2. \(B=\frac{11}{3}+\frac{17}{3^2}+\frac{23}{3^3}+...+\frac{605}{3^{100}}\)
\(\Rightarrow3B=11+\frac{17}{3}+\frac{23}{3^2}+...+\frac{605}{3^{99}}\)
\(\Rightarrow3B-B=\left(11+...+\frac{605}{3^{99}}\right)-\left(\frac{11}{3}+...+\frac{605}{3^{100}}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow2B=11+2+\frac{2}{3}+...+\frac{2}{3^{98}}-\frac{605}{3^{100}}\)
Đặt \(D=2+\frac{2}{3}+...+\frac{2}{3^{98}}\)
\(\Rightarrow3D=6+2+...+\frac{2}{3^{97}}\)
\(\Rightarrow2D=6-\frac{2}{3^{98}}< 6\)( làm tắt )
\(\Rightarrow2D< 6\)
\(\Rightarrow D< 3\)
\(\Rightarrow2B< 11+3\)
\(\Rightarrow2B< 14\)
\(\Rightarrow B< 7\left(đpcm\right)\)
Ta có : \(\frac{1}{m}=\frac{2}{3.4}+\frac{2}{4.5}+...+\frac{2}{59.60}=2\left(\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{5}+...+\frac{1}{59}-\frac{1}{60}\right)\)
\(=2\left(\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{60}\right)=\frac{19}{30}\)
\(\Rightarrow m=\frac{30}{19}>\frac{2}{3}\)
\(Tac\text{ó}:\frac{1}{m}=\frac{2}{3.4}+\frac{2}{4.5}+.....+\frac{2}{59.60}=2\left(\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+.......+\frac{1}{59}-\frac{1}{60}\right)\)
\(=>2\left(\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{60}\right)=\frac{19}{30}\\ =>m=\frac{30}{19}>\frac{2}{3}\)
\(\frac{1}{M}=\frac{1}{1+2+3}+\frac{1}{1+2+3+4}+\frac{1}{1+2+3+4+5}+...+\frac{1}{1+2+3+...+59}\)
\(\frac{1}{M}=\frac{1}{3\left(1+3\right):2}+\frac{1}{4\left(1+4\right):2}+\frac{1}{5\left(1+5\right):2}+...+\frac{1}{59\left(1+59\right):2}\)
\(\frac{1}{M}=\frac{2}{3.4}+\frac{2}{4.5}+\frac{2}{5.6}+...+\frac{2}{59.60}\)
\(\frac{1}{M}=2\left(\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{5}+...+\frac{1}{59}-\frac{1}{60}\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{M}=2\left(\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{60}\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{M}=\frac{1}{2}.\frac{19}{60}\)
\(\frac{1}{M}=\frac{19}{120}\)
\(M=\frac{120}{19}>\frac{2}{3}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Bài 3:
a,Đặt A = \(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{8}-\frac{1}{16}+\frac{1}{32}-\frac{1}{64}\)
A = \(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}-\frac{1}{2^4}+\frac{1}{2^5}-\frac{1}{2^6}\)
2A = \(1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}-\frac{1}{2^3}+\frac{1}{2^4}-\frac{1}{2^5}\)
2A + A = \(\left(1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}-\frac{1}{2^3}+\frac{1}{2^4}-\frac{1}{2^5}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}-\frac{1}{2^4}+\frac{1}{2^5}-\frac{1}{2^6}\right)\)
3A = \(1-\frac{1}{2^6}\)
=> 3A < 1
=> A < \(\frac{1}{3}\)(đpcm)
b, Đặt A = \(\frac{1}{3}-\frac{2}{3^2}+\frac{3}{3^3}-\frac{4}{3^4}+...+\frac{99}{3^{99}}-\frac{100}{3^{100}}\)
3A = \(1-\frac{2}{3}+\frac{3}{3^2}-\frac{4}{4^3}+...+\frac{99}{3^{98}}-\frac{100}{3^{99}}\)
3A + A = \(\left(1-\frac{2}{3}+\frac{3}{3^2}-\frac{4}{4^3}+...+\frac{99}{3^{98}}-\frac{100}{3^{99}}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{3}-\frac{2}{3^2}+\frac{3}{3^3}-\frac{4}{3^4}+...+\frac{99}{3^{99}}-\frac{100}{3^{100}}\right)\)
4A = \(1-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}-\frac{1}{3^3}+...+\frac{1}{3^{98}}-\frac{1}{3^{99}}-\frac{100}{3^{100}}\)
=> 4A < \(1-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}-\frac{1}{3^3}+...+\frac{1}{3^{98}}-\frac{1}{3^{99}}\) (1)
Đặt B = \(1-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}-\frac{1}{3^3}+...+\frac{1}{3^{98}}-\frac{1}{3^{99}}\)
3B = \(3-1+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{3^{97}}-\frac{1}{3^{98}}\)
3B + B = \(\left(3-1+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{3^{97}}-\frac{1}{3^{98}}\right)+\left(1-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}-\frac{1}{3^3}+...+\frac{1}{3^{98}}-\frac{1}{3^{99}}\right)\)
4B = \(3-\frac{1}{3^{99}}\)
=> 4B < 3
=> B < \(\frac{3}{4}\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra 4A < B < \(\frac{3}{4}\)=> A < \(\frac{3}{16}\)(đpcm)
\(M=\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{2}{3^3}+...+\frac{10}{3^{11}}\)
\(\Rightarrow3M=\frac{1}{3}+\frac{2}{3^2}+...+\frac{10}{3^{10}}\)
\(\Rightarrow3M-M=\frac{1}{3}+\frac{2}{3^2}-\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{3}{3^3}-\frac{2}{3^3}+...+\frac{10}{3^{10}}-\frac{9}{3^{10}}-\frac{10}{3^{11}}\)
\(\Rightarrow2M=\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{3^{10}}-\frac{10}{3^{11}}=A-\frac{10}{3^{11}}\)
\(A=\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{3^9}+\frac{1}{3^{10}}\)
\(\Rightarrow3A=1+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{3^9}\)
\(\Rightarrow3A-A=1-\frac{1}{3^{10}}\)
\(\Rightarrow2A=1-\frac{1}{3^{10}}\Rightarrow A=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2.3^{10}}\Rightarrow A< \frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow2M=A-\frac{10}{3^{11}}< A< \frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow M< \frac{1}{4}\)