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\(\frac{2b+c-a}{a}=\frac{2c-b+a}{b}=\frac{2a+b-c}{c}=\frac{2b+c-a+2c-b+a+2a+b-c}{a+b+c}=\)
\(=\frac{2a+2b+2c}{a+b+c}=2\)
+ Từ \(\frac{2b+c-a}{a}=2\Rightarrow2b+c-a=2a\Rightarrow3a-2b=c\) và \(3a-c=2b\)
+ Tương tự ta cũng có \(3b-2c=a\) và \(3b-a=2c\)
Và \(3c-2a=b\); \(3c-b=2a\)
Thay vào P
\(P=\frac{c.a.b}{2.b.2.c.2.a}=\frac{1}{8}\)
=>\(\frac{a-b+c}{2b}+1=\frac{c-a+b}{2a}+1=\frac{a-c+b}{2c}+1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a+b+c}{2b}=\frac{a+b+c}{2a}=\frac{a+b+c}{2c}\)
*TH1: nếu a+b+c=0 => a+b=-c; b+c=-a; c+a=-b
=>P=\(\left(\frac{b+c}{b}\right)\left(\frac{a+b}{a}\right)\left(\frac{c+a}{c}\right)\)
=\(\frac{-a}{b}.\frac{-c}{a}.\frac{-b}{c}=\frac{-\left(a.b.c\right)}{a.b.c}=-1\)
*TH2: Nếu a+b+c khác 0: thì a=b=c
Khi đó P=2.2.2=8
Vậy P= -1 hoặc 8
Ta có :
\(VT=\frac{1}{2}\left[\frac{b-c}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{c-a}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}+\frac{a-b}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}\right]\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left[\frac{\left(b-c\right)^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{\left(a-c\right)^2}{\left(b-c\right)\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}\right]\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left[\frac{\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(a-b\right)^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}\right]\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left[\frac{b^2-2bc+c^2+a^2-2ac+c^2+a^2-2ab+b^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}\right]\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left[\frac{2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ac}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}\right]\)
\(=\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}\)(1)
Lại có :
\(VP=\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{c-a}\)
\(=\frac{\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)+\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)-\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{ab-bc-ac+c^2+a^2-ac-ab+bc-ab+ac+b^2-bc}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)(2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\RightarrowĐPCM\)
Đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}a-b=x\\b-c=y\\c-a=z\end{cases}}\)
Thế vào bài toán trở thành
Cho: \(\frac{x+z}{xz}+\frac{x+y}{xy}+\frac{y+z}{yz}=2013\left(1\right)\)
Tính \(M=\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\)
Từ (1) ta có
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow\frac{xy+yz+zx+yz+xy+zx}{xyz}=2013\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}{xyz}=2013\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{xy+yz+zx}{xyz}=\frac{2013}{2}\)
Ta lại có
\(M=\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=\frac{xy+yz+zx}{xyz}=\frac{2013}{2}\)
\(\frac{b-c}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{c-a}{\left(b-a\right)\left(b-c\right)}+\frac{a-b}{\left(c-b\right)\left(c-a\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a-c\right)-\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{\left(b-a\right)-\left(b-c\right)}{\left(b-a\right)\left(b-c\right)}+\frac{\left(c-b\right)-\left(c-a\right)}{\left(c-b\right)\left(c-a\right)}\)
\(=\frac{1}{a-b}-\frac{1}{a-c}+\frac{1}{b-c}-\frac{1}{b-a}+\frac{1}{c-a}-\frac{1}{c-b}\)
\(=2\left(\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{c-a}\right)=2013\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\frac{2013}{2}\)
\(\frac{a-b+c}{2b}=\frac{c-a+b}{2a}=\frac{a-c+b}{2c}=\frac{a+b+c}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{1}{2}\)
=> 2a-2b+2c=2b <=> a+c=2b. Chia cả 2 vế cho c ta được: \(1+\frac{a}{c}=\frac{2b}{c}\)
Tương tự: \(1+\frac{c}{b}=\frac{2a}{b}\) và \(1+\frac{b}{a}=\frac{2c}{a}\)
=> \(\left(1+\frac{c}{b}\right)\left(1+\frac{b}{a}\right)\left(1+\frac{a}{c}\right)=\frac{2a}{b}.\frac{2c}{a}.\frac{2b}{c}=\frac{8.abc}{abc}=8\)
Đáp số: 8
Ta có \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b}{c}=\frac{c}{a}=\frac{a+b+c}{b+c+a}=1\)(dãy tỉ số bằng nhau)
=> a = b = c
Khi đó \(P=\left(1+\frac{2a}{b}\right)\left(1+\frac{2b}{c}\right)\left(1+\frac{2c}{a}\right)=\left(1+\frac{2b}{b}\right)\left(1+\frac{2c}{c}\right)\left(1+\frac{2a}{a}\right)\)
= (1 + 2)(1 + 2)(1 + 2) = 3.3.3 = 27
Vậy P = 27
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có :
\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b}{c}=\frac{c}{a}=\frac{a+b+c}{b+c+a}=1\) ( do a + b + c khác 0 )
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{a}{b}=1\\\frac{b}{c}=1\\\frac{c}{a}=1\end{cases}}\Rightarrow a=b=c\)
Thế vào P ta được :
\(P=\left(1+\frac{2b}{b}\right)\left(1+\frac{2c}{c}\right)\left(1+\frac{2a}{a}\right)=\left(1+2\right)\left(1+2\right)\left(1+2\right)=27\)
Ta có:\(\frac{b-c}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}=\frac{\left(a-c\right)-\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}=\frac{a-c}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}-\frac{a-b}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}=\frac{1}{a-b}-\frac{1}{a-c}=\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{c-a}\left(1\right)\)Chứng minh tương tự,ta có:\(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{c-a}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}=\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{a-b}\left(2\right)\\\frac{a-b}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}=\frac{1}{c-a}+\frac{1}{b-c}\left(3\right)\end{cases}}\)
Từ (1);(2);(3) suy ra:\(\frac{b-c}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{c-a}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}+\frac{a-b}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{c-a}+\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{c-a}+\frac{1}{b-c}\)
\(=2\left(\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{c-a}\right)^{đpcm}\)
Đúng nhưng dài thế
\(\frac{a+b-c}{c}+2=\frac{b+c-a}{a}+2=\frac{c+a-b}{b}+2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b+c}{c}=\frac{b+c+a}{a}=\frac{c+a+b}{b}\)
\(\Rightarrow a=b=c\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\left(1+1\right)\left(1+1\right)\left(1+1\right)=8\)
\(=>\) là \(\Rightarrow\) à?