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a, \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
\(H_2+CuO\underrightarrow{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)
b, Ta có: \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{ZnCl_2}=0,2.136=27,2\left(g\right)\)
c, \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{20}{80}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{1}< \dfrac{0,25}{1}\), ta được CuO dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{CuO\left(pư\right)}=n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{CuO\left(dư\right)}=0,25-0,2=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{CuO\left(dư\right)}=0,05.80=4\left(g\right)\)
nZn = 6,5 : 65 = 0,1 (mol)
pthh: Zn+2HCl -> ZnCl2 + H2
0,1 0,1 0,1
=> mHCl = 0,1 . 36,5 = 3,65(g)
pthh : CuO + H2 -to-> Cu + H2O
0,1 0,1
=> mCu = 0,1 . 64 = 6,4 (g)
\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{13}{24}=0,54mol\)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
0,54 0,54 ( mol )
\(m_{MgCl_2}=0,54.95=51,3g\)
\(CuO+H_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)Cu+H_2O\)
0,54 0,54 ( mol )
\(m_{Cu}=0,54.64=34,56g\)
mMg = 3.6/24 = 0.15 (mol)
2Mg + O2 -to-> 2MgO
0.15__0.075____0.15
mMgO= 0.15*40 = 6 (g)
VO2 = 0.075*22.4 = 1.68 (l)
2KClO3 -to-> 2KCl + 3O2
0.05_______________0.075
mKClO3 = 0.05*122.5 = 6.125 (g)
PTHH: \(2Mg+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2MgO\)
a+b) Ta có: \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{3,6}{24}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{O_2}=0,075\left(mol\right)\\n_{MgO}=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V_{O_2}=0,075\cdot22,4=1,68\left(l\right)\\m_{MgO}=0,15\cdot40=6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) PTHH: \(2KClO_3\xrightarrow[MnO_2]{t^o}2KCl+3O_2\uparrow\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{KClO_3}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{KClO_3}=0,05\cdot122,5=6,125\left(g\right)\)
a) PTHH: \(2Cu+O_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}2CuO\)
b) \(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{m_{Cu}}{M_{Cu}}=\dfrac{38,4}{64}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Cu}\)
⇒ \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}.0,6=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=n_{O_2}.22,4=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)
c) \(CuO+H_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Cu}=n_{H_2O}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2O}=n_{H_2O}.M_{H_2O}=0,5.18=9\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Cu}=n_{Cu}.M_{Cu}=0,5.64=32\left(g\right)\)
a) PTHH: \(2Cu+O_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}2CuO\)
b) \(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{m_{Cu}}{M_{Cu}}=\dfrac{38,4}{64}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Cu}\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)
c) Theo PTHH : \(n_{CuO}=n_{Cu}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
Khối lượng đồng oxit thu được sau phản ứng:
\(\Rightarrow m_{CuO}=0,3.80=24\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{24}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Mg + 2HCl ---> MgCl2 + H2
0,2 0,2
2H2 + O2 --to--> 2H2O
0,2 0,2
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\\m_{H_2O}=0,2.18.\left(100\%-5\%\right)=3,42\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{24}=0,2mol\)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
0,2 0,2
\(V_{H_2}=0,2\cdot22,4=4,48l\)
\(2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2H_2O\)
0,2 0,2
\(m_{H_2O}=0,2\cdot18\cdot\left(100-5\right)\%=3,42g\)
Bài 2:
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{16,2}{27}=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ n_{O_2}=\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ a,4Al+3O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2Al_2O_3\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,6}{4}< \dfrac{0,6}{3}\Rightarrow O_2dư\\ n_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=0,6-\dfrac{3}{4}.0,6=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=0,15.32=4,8\left(g\right)\\ c,n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{2}{4}.n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{4}.0,6=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Al_2O_3}=102.0,3=30,6\left(g\right)\)
Bài 1.
\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{16}{160}=0,1mol\)
\(Fe_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2FeCl_3+3H_2O\)
0,1 0,6 0,2
\(m_{HCl}=0,6\cdot36,5=21,9g\)
\(m_{FeCl_3}=0,2\cdot162,5=32,5g\)
a) PTHH: 2Cu + O2 ==(nhiệt)=> 2CuO
b) nCu = 6,4 / 64 = 0,1 (mol)
=> nO2 = 0,05 (mol)
=> VO2(đktc) = 0,05 x 22,4 = 1,12 lít
c) nCuO = nCu = 0,1 (mol)
=> mCuO = 0,1 x 80 = 8 (gam)
a) 2Cu + O2 ---> 2CuO
b) nCu = 6,4/64 =0,1 ( mol )
Theo PTHH : nO2 = 1/2 nCu = 0,1/2=0,05( mol )
VO2 = 0,05 x 22.4 = 1,12 ( l )
c)Theo PTHH : nCuO = nCu = 0,1 ( mol)
Khối lượng đồng oxit thu được sau phản ứng là : mCuO = 0,1 x 80 = 8 (g)
2Cu + O2 \(\underrightarrow{to}\) 2CuO (1)
CuO + 2HCl → CuCl2 + H2O (2)
\(n_{H_2O}=\frac{3,6}{18}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{CuO}=n_{H_2O}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Theo Pt1: \(n_{Cu}=n_{CuO}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Cu}=0,2\times64=12,8\left(g\right)\)
Theo Pt2: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2O}=2\times0,2=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=0,4\times36,5=14,6\left(g\right)\)