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Dự đoán điểm rơi xảy ra tại \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(3;2;4\right)\)
Đơn giản là kiên nhẫn tính toán và tách biểu thức:
\(D=13\left(\dfrac{a}{18}+\dfrac{c}{24}\right)+13\left(\dfrac{b}{24}+\dfrac{c}{48}\right)+\left(\dfrac{a}{9}+\dfrac{b}{6}+\dfrac{2}{ab}\right)+\left(\dfrac{a}{18}+\dfrac{c}{24}+\dfrac{2}{ac}\right)+\left(\dfrac{b}{8}+\dfrac{c}{16}+\dfrac{2}{bc}\right)+\left(\dfrac{a}{9}+\dfrac{b}{6}+\dfrac{c}{12}+\dfrac{8}{abc}\right)\)
Sau đó Cô-si cho từng ngoặc là được
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{bc}+\dfrac{b}{ca}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{ab}{abc^2}}=\dfrac{2}{c}\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{a}{bc}+\dfrac{c}{ab}\ge\dfrac{2}{b}\) ; \(\dfrac{b}{ca}+\dfrac{c}{ab}\ge\dfrac{2}{a}\)
Cộng vế với vế: \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{bc}+\dfrac{b}{ca}+\dfrac{c}{ab}\ge\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{2}+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a^2+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a^2+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(c^2+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{1}{2}.3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{a^2}{a^2}}+\dfrac{1}{2}.3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{b^2}{b^2}}+\dfrac{1}{2}.3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{c^2}{c^2}}=\dfrac{9}{2}\)
\(P_{min}=\dfrac{9}{2}\) khi \(a=b=c=1\)
\(a+b+c=2\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca\le\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}=\dfrac{4}{3}\)
\(P=\dfrac{7+2b}{1+a}+\dfrac{7+2c}{1+b}+\dfrac{7+2a}{1+c}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{\left(21+2\left(a+b+c\right)\right)^2}{\left(1+a\right)\left(7+2b\right)+\left(1+b\right)\left(7+2c\right)+\left(1+c\right)\left(7+2a\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{25^2}{21+9\left(a+b+c\right)+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge\dfrac{25^2}{21+9.2+\dfrac{2.4}{3}}=15\)
\("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
Lời giải:
Ta có:
\(P=\frac{ab}{c}+\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ca}{b}=\frac{(ab)^2+(bc)^2+(ca)^2}{abc}\)
Xét tử số:
\(\text{TS}=(ab)^2+(bc)^2+(ca)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow \text{TS}^2=a^4b^4+b^4c^4+c^4a^4+2(a^2b^4c^2+a^2b^2c^4+a^4b^2c^2)\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\left\{\begin{matrix} a^4b^4+b^4c^4\geq 2a^2b^4c^2\\ b^4c^4+c^4a^4\geq 2a^2b^2c^4\\ c^4a^4+a^4b^4\geq 2a^4b^2c^2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Cộng theo vế và rút gọn:
\(\Rightarrow a^4b^4+b^4c^4+c^4a^4\geq a^2b^4c^2+a^2b^2c^4+a^4b^2c^2\)
Do đó:
\(\text{TS}^2\geq 3(a^2b^4c^2+a^2b^2c^4+a^4b^2c^2)=3a^2b^2c^2(a^2+b^2+c^2)=3a^2b^2c^2\)
\(\Rightarrow \text{TS}\geq \sqrt{3}abc\)
\(\Rightarrow P\geq \sqrt{3}\)
Vậy \(P_{\min}=\sqrt{3}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
Cách khác:
\(P^2=\dfrac{a^2b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{b^2c^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{c^2a^2}{b^2}+2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy:
\(\dfrac{a^2b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{b^2c^2}{a^2}\ge2b^2\)
CMTT\(\Rightarrow\)\(\dfrac{a^2b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{b^2c^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{a^2c^2}{b^2}\ge a^2+b^2+c^2\)
\(\Rightarrow P^2\ge3\Rightarrow P\ge\sqrt{3}\)
Dấu"=" xảy ra\(\Leftrightarrow\)a=b=c=\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
Đặt \(\left(a+1;b+1;c+1\right)=\left(x;y;z\right)\Rightarrow1\le x\le y\le z\le2\)
\(B=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)=\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{z}+\dfrac{y}{x}+\dfrac{z}{y}+\dfrac{z}{x}+\dfrac{x}{z}+3\) (1)
Do \(x\le y\le z\Rightarrow\left(z-y\right)\left(y-x\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xy+yz\ge y^2+zx\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{z}+1\ge\dfrac{y}{z}+\dfrac{x}{y}\)
Tương tự: \(1+\dfrac{z}{x}\ge\dfrac{y}{x}+\dfrac{z}{y}\)
Cộng vế: \(2+\dfrac{x}{z}+\dfrac{z}{x}\ge\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{z}+\dfrac{z}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\) (2)
Từ (1); (2) \(\Rightarrow B\le2\left(\dfrac{x}{z}+\dfrac{z}{x}\right)+5\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{z}{x}=t\Rightarrow1\le t\le2\)
\(\Rightarrow B\le2\left(t+\dfrac{1}{t}\right)+5=\dfrac{2t^2+2}{t}+5=\dfrac{2t^2+2}{t}-5+10\)
\(\Rightarrow B\le\dfrac{2t^2-5t+2}{t}+10=\dfrac{\left(t-2\right)\left(2t-1\right)}{t}+10\le10\)
\(B_{max}=10\) khi \(t=2\) hay \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(0;0;1\right);\left(0;1;1\right)\)