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Ta có : \(9=a^2+a^2+b^2+a^2+b^2+bc+bc+c^2+c^2\ge9\sqrt[9]{a^6\cdot b^6\cdot c^6}=9\sqrt[3]{a^2\cdot b^2\cdot c^2}\Rightarrow abc\le1\) Áp dụng bđt Cô-si vào các số dương : \(a^2+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}\ge4\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{a^2}{b^6}}=4\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b^3}}\Rightarrow\sqrt{a^2+\dfrac{3}{b^2}}\ge2\cdot\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{a}{b^3}}\)
CM tương tự ta được: \(\sqrt{b^2+\dfrac{3}{c^2}}\ge2\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{b}{c^3}};\sqrt{c^2+\dfrac{3}{a^2}}\ge2\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{c}{a^3}}\Rightarrow P\ge2\cdot\left(\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{a}{b^3}}+\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{b}{c^3}}+\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{c}{a^3}}\right)\ge2\cdot3\cdot\sqrt[12]{\dfrac{a}{b^3}\cdot\dfrac{b}{c^3}\cdot\dfrac{c}{a^3}}=6\sqrt[12]{\dfrac{1}{\left(abc\right)^2}}=6\) Dấu = xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
\(\dfrac{a}{a+2\sqrt{\left(a+bc\right)}}=\dfrac{a}{a+2\sqrt{a\left(a+b+c\right)+bc}}=\dfrac{a}{a+2\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\)
\(=\dfrac{a}{a+\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}{2}+\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}{2}+\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}{2}+\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}{2}}\)
\(\le\dfrac{a}{5^2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}{2}}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{a}{25}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{8}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\right)=\dfrac{1}{25}+\dfrac{8}{25}.\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\)
\(\le\dfrac{1}{25}+\dfrac{4}{25}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{a}{a+c}\right)\)
Tương tự:
\(\dfrac{b}{b+2\sqrt{b+ac}}\le\dfrac{1}{25}+\dfrac{4}{25}\left(\dfrac{b}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}\right)\)
\(\dfrac{c}{c+2\sqrt{c+ab}}\le\dfrac{1}{25}+\dfrac{4}{25}\left(\dfrac{c}{a+c}+\dfrac{c}{b+c}\right)\)
Cộng vế:
\(P\le\dfrac{3}{25}+\dfrac{4}{25}\left(\dfrac{a+b}{a+b}+\dfrac{b+c}{b+c}+\dfrac{c+a}{c+a}\right)=\dfrac{15}{25}=\dfrac{3}{5}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Ta có:
\(\left(a^2+b+c\right)\left(1+b+c\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+b+c}}\le\dfrac{a\sqrt{1+b+c}}{a+b+c}\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+a+c}}\le\dfrac{b\sqrt{1+c+a}}{a+b+c}\) ; \(\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+b+a}}\le\dfrac{c\sqrt{1+a+b}}{a+b+c}\)
Cộng vế:
\(P\le\dfrac{a\sqrt{1+b+c}+b\sqrt{1+c+a}+c\sqrt{1+a+b}}{a+b+c}\)
Lại có:
\(a\sqrt{1+b+c}+b\sqrt{1+c+a}+c\sqrt{1+a+b}\)
\(=\sqrt{a}.\sqrt{a+ab+ac}+\sqrt{b}.\sqrt{b+bc+ab}+\sqrt{c}.\sqrt{c+ac+bc}\)
\(\le\sqrt{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a+b+c+2ab+2bc+2ca\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a+b+c+2ab+bc+ca\right)}}{a+b+c}=\sqrt{\dfrac{a+b+c+2ab+2bc+2ca}{a+b+c}}\)
Do đó ta chỉ cần chứng minh:
\(\dfrac{a+b+c+2ab+2bc+2ca}{a+b+c}\le3\Leftrightarrow a+b+c\ge ab+bc+ca\)
Thật vậy:
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c\ge ab+bc+ca\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(P=\frac{a\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{2c+a+b}}+\frac{b\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{2a+b+c}}+\frac{c\sqrt{c}}{\sqrt{2b+c+a}}\)
\(P=\frac{a^2}{\sqrt{a(2c+a+b)}}+\frac{b^2}{\sqrt{b(2a+b+c)}}+\frac{c^2}{\sqrt{c(2b+c+a)}}\)
\(\geq \frac{(a+b+c)^2}{\sqrt{a(2c+a+b)}+\sqrt{b(2a+b+c)}+\sqrt{c(2b+a+c)}}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
\((\sqrt{a(2c+a+b)}+\sqrt{b(2a+b+c)}+\sqrt{c(2b+a+c)})^2\leq (a+b+c[((2c+a+b)+(2a+b+c)+(2b+a+c)]\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (\sqrt{a(2c+a+b)}+\sqrt{b(2a+b+c)}+\sqrt{c(2b+a+c)})^2\leq 4(a+b+c)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{a(2c+a+b)}+\sqrt{b(2a+b+c)}+\sqrt{c(2b+a+c)}\leq 2(a+b+c)\)
Do đó:
\(P\geq \frac{(a+b+c)^2}{2(a+b+c)}=\frac{a+b+c}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Vậy \(P_{\min}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Đặt \(\left(\sqrt{a};\sqrt{b};\sqrt{c}\right)=\left(x;y;z\right)\Rightarrow x+y+z=1\)
BĐT trở thành: \(\dfrac{xy}{\sqrt{x^2+y^2+2z^2}}+\dfrac{yz}{\sqrt{y^2+z^2+2x^2}}+\dfrac{zx}{\sqrt{x^2+z^2+2y^2}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Ta có:
\(x^2+z^2+y^2+z^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+z\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(y+z\right)^2\ge\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{xy}{\sqrt{x^2+y^2+2z^2}}\le\dfrac{xy}{\sqrt{\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{xy}{x+z}+\dfrac{xy}{y+z}\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{yz}{\sqrt{y^2+z^2+2x^2}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{yz}{x+y}+\dfrac{yz}{x+z}\right)\)
\(\dfrac{zx}{\sqrt{z^2+x^2+2y^2}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{zx}{x+y}+\dfrac{zx}{y+z}\right)\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(VT\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{zx+yz}{x+y}+\dfrac{xy+zx}{y+z}+\dfrac{yz+xy}{z+x}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z\) hay \(a=b=c\)
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{ab}{c+ab}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{ab}{1-a-b-ab}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{ab}{\left(1-b\right)\left(1-a\right)}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{a}{1-b}+\dfrac{b}{1-a}}{2}\left(1\right)\) \(tương-tự\Rightarrow\sqrt{\dfrac{bc}{a+bc}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{b}{1-c}+\dfrac{c}{1-b}}{2}\left(2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\dfrac{ca}{b+ ca}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{c}{1-a}+\dfrac{a}{1-c}}{2}\left(3\right)\)
\( \left(1\right)\left(2\right)\left(3\right)\Rightarrow A\le\dfrac{\dfrac{a}{1-b}+\dfrac{b}{1-a}+\dfrac{b}{1-c}+\dfrac{c}{1-b}+\dfrac{c}{1-a}+\dfrac{a}{1-c}}{2}=\dfrac{\dfrac{a+c}{1-b}+\dfrac{b+c}{1-a}+\dfrac{b+a}{1-c}}{2}=\dfrac{\dfrac{1-b}{1-b}+\dfrac{1-a}{1-a}+\dfrac{1-c}{1-c}}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow A_{max}=\dfrac{3}{2}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
\((a^2+\frac{1}{b^2})(1+4^2)\geq (a+\frac{4}{b})^2\Rightarrow \sqrt{a^2+\frac{1}{b^2}}\geq \frac{1}{\sqrt{17}}(a+\frac{4}{b})\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự với những cái còn lại và cộng theo vế suy ra:
$S\geq \frac{1}{\sqrt{17}}(a+b+c+\frac{4}{a}+\frac{4}{b}+\frac{4}{c})$
$\geq \frac{1}{\sqrt{17}}(a+b+c+\frac{36}{a+b+c})$ theo BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz.
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(a+b+c+\frac{9}{4(a+b+c)}\geq 3\)
\(\frac{135}{4(a+b+c)}\geq \frac{135}{4.\frac{3}{2}}=\frac{45}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c+\frac{36}{a+b+c}\geq \frac{51}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow S\geq \frac{3\sqrt{17}}{2}\)
Vậy $S_{\min}=\frac{3\sqrt{17}}{2}$
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
\((a^2+\frac{1}{b^2})(1+4^2)\geq (a+\frac{4}{b})^2\Rightarrow \sqrt{a^2+\frac{1}{b^2}}\geq \frac{1}{\sqrt{17}}(a+\frac{4}{b})\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự với những cái còn lại và cộng theo vế suy ra:
$S\geq \frac{1}{\sqrt{17}}(a+b+c+\frac{4}{a}+\frac{4}{b}+\frac{4}{c})$
$\geq \frac{1}{\sqrt{17}}(a+b+c+\frac{36}{a+b+c})$ theo BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz.
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(a+b+c+\frac{9}{4(a+b+c)}\geq 3\)
\(\frac{135}{4(a+b+c)}\geq \frac{135}{4.\frac{3}{2}}=\frac{45}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c+\frac{36}{a+b+c}\geq \frac{51}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow S\geq \frac{3\sqrt{17}}{2}\)
Vậy $S_{\min}=\frac{3\sqrt{17}}{2}$