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đặt \(am^3=bn^3=cp^3=k^3\)
\(\Rightarrow a=\dfrac{k^3}{m^3};b=\dfrac{k^3}{n^3};c=\dfrac{k^3}{p^3}\)
VT=\(\sqrt[3]{a}+\sqrt[3]{b}+\sqrt[3]{c}=\dfrac{k}{m}+\dfrac{k}{n}+\dfrac{k}{p}=k\)
VF=\(\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{k^3}{m}+\dfrac{k^3}{n}+\dfrac{k^3}{p}}=\sqrt[3]{k^3}=k\)
do đó VT=VF, đẳng thức được chứng minh
Đặt VP=A
có căn bâc 3 (am^2+bn^2+cp^2=căn bậc 3 (am^3/m+bn^3/n+cp^3/p)=căn bậc 3 (am^3(1/m+1/n+p)) (do am^3=bn^3=cp^3)
=căn bậc 3 (am^3) (do 1/m+1/n+1/p=1)=> m.căn bậc 3(a)=A=>căn bậc 3 (a)=A/m
tương tự căn bậc 3 (b)=A/n, căn bậc 3 (p)=A/p
Cộng theo vế => VT = A/m+A/n+A/p=A(1/m+1/n+1/p)=A=VP (do 1/m+1/n+1/p=1)
Đặt \(am^3=bn^3=cp^3=k\)
Ta có \(\sqrt[3]{k}=\sqrt[3]{a}m=\sqrt[3]{b}n=\sqrt[3]{c}p=\frac{\sqrt[3]{a}}{\frac{1}{m}}=\frac{\sqrt[3]{b}}{\frac{1}{n}}=\frac{\sqrt[3]{c}}{\frac{1}{p}}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt[3]{a}+\sqrt[3]{b}+\sqrt[3]{c}}{\frac{1}{m}+\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{p}}=\sqrt[3]{a}+\sqrt[3]{b}+\sqrt[3]{c}\) \(\left(TCDTSBN\right)\)\(\left(1\right)\)
Ta cũng có \(k=\frac{am^2}{\frac{1}{m}}=\frac{bn^2}{\frac{1}{n}}=\frac{cp^2}{\frac{1}{p}}=\frac{am^2+bn^2+cp^2}{\frac{1}{m}+\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{p}}=am^2+bn^2+cp^2\) \(\left(TCDTSBN\right)\left(2\right)\)
Từ \(\left(1\right);\left(2\right)\Rightarrow\sqrt[3]{a}+\sqrt[3]{b}+\sqrt[3]{c}=\sqrt[3]{am^2+bn^2+cp^2}=\sqrt[3]{k}\)
cách khác nhé:
Đặt: \(am^3=bn^3=cp^3=k^3\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(a=\frac{k^3}{m^3};\)\(b=\frac{k^3}{n^3};\)\(c=\frac{k^3}{p^3}\)
Ta có:
\(VT=\sqrt[3]{a}+\sqrt[3]{b}+\sqrt[3]{c}\)
\(=\sqrt[3]{\frac{k^3}{m^3}}+\sqrt[3]{\frac{k^3}{n^3}}+\sqrt[3]{\frac{k^3}{p^3}}\)
\(=\frac{k}{m}+\frac{k}{n}+\frac{k}{p}=k\left(\frac{1}{m}+\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{p}\right)=k\) (do 1/m + 1/n + 1/p = 1)
\(VP=\sqrt[3]{am^2+bn^2+cp^2}\)
\(=\sqrt[3]{\frac{k^3}{m^3}.m^2+\frac{k^3}{n^3}.n^2+\frac{k^3}{p^3}.p^2}\)
\(=\sqrt[3]{k^3\left(\frac{1}{m}+\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{p}\right)}=\sqrt[3]{k^3}=k\) (do 1/m + 1/n + 1/p = 1)
suy ra: \(VT=VP=k\) (đpcm)
=>\(am^3=bn^3=cp^3=\frac{am^3}{m}+\frac{bn^3}{n}+\frac{cp^3}{p}\)
=>\(am^3=bn^3=cp^3=am^2+bn^2+cp^2\)
\(\sqrt[3]{am^2+bn^2+cp^2}=m\sqrt[3]{a}=n\sqrt[3]{b}=p\sqrt[3]{c}\)
=>\(\sqrt[3]{am^2+bn^2+cp^2}.1=m\sqrt[3]{a}.\left(\frac{1}{m}+\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{p}\right)=\frac{m\sqrt[3]{a}}{m}+\frac{n\sqrt[3]{b}}{n}+\frac{p\sqrt[3]{c}}{p}\)
\(\sqrt[3]{am^2+bn^2+cp^2}=\sqrt[3]{a}+\sqrt[3]{b}+\sqrt[3]{c}\)
Lời giải:
Theo hệ quả quen thuộc của BĐT AM-GM thì:
\((a+b+c)^2\geq 3(ab+bc+ac)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (\sqrt{3})^2\geq 3(ab+bc+ac)\Rightarrow ab+bc+ac\leq 1\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}\leq \frac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+ab+bc+ac}}=\frac{a}{\sqrt{(a+b)(a+c)}}\)
Hoàn toàn TT với các phân thức còn lại và cộng theo vế:
\(\Rightarrow \text{VT}\leq \frac{a}{\sqrt{(a+b)(a+c)}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{(b+c)(b+a)}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{(c+a)(c+b)}}\)
\(\leq \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{a}{a+c}\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{b}{b+a}\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{c}{c+a}+\frac{c}{c+b}\right)\) (BĐT Cauchy)
hay \(\text{VT}\leq \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a+b}{a+b}+\frac{b+c}{b+c}+\frac{c+a}{c+a}\right)=\frac{3}{2}\)(đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
Câu 1:
\(\sqrt{x-a}+\sqrt{y-b}+\sqrt{z-c}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{x-a}+2\sqrt{y-b}+2\sqrt{z-c}=x+y+z\\ \Leftrightarrow x+y+z-2\sqrt{x-a}-2\sqrt{y-b}-2\sqrt{z-c}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x+y+z-2\sqrt{x-a}-2\sqrt{y-b}-2\sqrt{z-c}+3-a-b-c=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[\left(x-a\right)-2\sqrt{x-a}+1\right]+\left[\left(y-b\right)-2\sqrt{y-b}+1\right]+\left[\left(z-c\right)-2\sqrt{z-c}+1\right]=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x-a}-1\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{y-b}-1\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{z-c}-1\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-a}-1=0\\\sqrt{y-b}-1=0\\\sqrt{z-c}-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-a}=1\\\sqrt{y-b}=1\\\sqrt{z-c}=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-a=1\\y-b=1\\z-c=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=a+1\\y=b+1\\z=c+1\end{matrix}\right.\)Vậy \(\left\{x;y;z\right\}=\left\{a+1;b+1;c+1\right\}\)
Câu 2:
\(\text{ a) Ta có }:\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}=\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n}}< \dfrac{2}{\sqrt{n-1}+\sqrt{n}}=\dfrac{2\left(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{n-1}+\sqrt{n}\right)\left(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1}\right)}\\ =\dfrac{2\left(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1}\right)}{n-n+1}=2\left(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1}\right)\left(1\right)\)
\(\text{Lại có: }\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}=\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n}}>\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}}=\dfrac{2\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}\right)\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)}\\ =\dfrac{2\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)}{n+1-n}=2\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)\left(2\right)\)
Từ \(\left(1\right)\) và \(\left(2\right)\Rightarrow2\left(\sqrt{n+1}-n\right)< \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}< 2\left(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1}\right)\)
b) Áp dụng bất đảng thức ở câu a:
\(\Rightarrow S=1+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{100}}\\ >2\left(\sqrt{101}-\sqrt{100}\right)+...+\left(\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3}\right)+\left(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}\right)+\left(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}\right)\\ =2\left(\sqrt{101}-\sqrt{100}+...+\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}\right)\\ =2\left(\sqrt{101}-\sqrt{1}\right)>2\left(\sqrt{100}-1\right)=2\left(10-1\right)=18\left(3\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow S=1+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{100}}< 2\left(\sqrt{100}-\sqrt{99}\right)+...+\left(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}\right)+\left(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}\right)+\left(\sqrt{1}-\sqrt{0}\right)\\ =2\left(\sqrt{100}-\sqrt{99}+...+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{1}\right)\\ =2\cdot\sqrt{100}=2\cdot10=20\left(4\right)\)
Từ \(\left(3\right)\) và \(\left(4\right)\Rightarrow18< S< 20\)
Đề bài sai
Đề đúng: \(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a}+2\sqrt{b}+3}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{b}+2\sqrt{c}+3}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{c}+2\sqrt{a}+3}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\)