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Bổ đề: \(a^3+b^3+c^3\ge\dfrac{1}{9}\left(a+b+c\right)^3\) \(\left(\forall a,b,c>0\right)\)
chứng minh bổ đề: \(\Sigma_{cyc}\left(\dfrac{a^3}{a^3+b^3+c^3}\right)+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\left(\Pi_{cyc}\dfrac{a^3}{a^3+b^3+c^3}\right).\dfrac{1}{3}.\dfrac{1}{3}}\)
hoán vị theo a,b,c
ta được: \(3\ge\dfrac{3\left(a+b+c\right)}{\sqrt[3]{9.\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)}}\)
mũ 3 hai vế ta có được bất đẳng thức bổ đề: \(a^3+b^3+c^3\ge\dfrac{1}{9}\left(a+b+c\right)^3\)
Áp dụng bất C-S:
\(\sqrt{a^3+3b}+\sqrt{b^3+3c}+\sqrt{c^3+3a}\ge\sqrt{\left(1+1+1\right)\left(a^3+b^3+c^3+3a+3b+3c\right)}\)
\(\ge\sqrt{3.\left[3+3\left(a+b+c\right)\right]}=\sqrt{36}=6\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra tại a=b=c=1
Theeo BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\sum\dfrac{a^3b}{a^4+a^2b^2+b^4}\le\sum\dfrac{a^3b}{2a^3b+b^4}=\sum\dfrac{a^3}{2a^3+b^3}\)
Ta cần chứng minh \(\sum\dfrac{a^3}{2a^3+b^3}\le1\)
hay \(\sum\dfrac{a^3}{a^3+2c^3}\ge1\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy - Schwarz có:
\(\sum\dfrac{a^3}{2c^3+a^3}\ge\dfrac{\left(\sum a^3\right)^2}{\sum a^6+2\sum a^3b^3}=1\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c
Áp dụng BĐT \(x^3+y^3+z^3\ge3xy\Leftrightarrow xyz\le\frac{x^3+y^3+z^3}{3}\)
\(1.1.\sqrt[3]{a+3b}\le\frac{1+1+a+3b}{3}=\frac{a+3b+2}{3}\)
Tương tự: \(\sqrt[3]{b+3c}\le\frac{b+3c+2}{3}\); \(\sqrt[3]{c+3a}\le\frac{c+3a+2}{3}\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(VT\le\frac{4\left(a+b+c\right)+6}{3}=3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{4}\)
Ta có: \(\frac{5a^3-b^3}{ab+3a^2}=\frac{3a^3-b^3}{ab+3a^2}+\frac{2a^3}{ab+3a^2}\)
\(=a-\frac{a^2b+b^3}{ab+3a^2}+\frac{2a^3}{ab+3a^2}\)
= \(a-\frac{b\left(a^2+b^2\right)}{a\left(b+3a\right)}+\frac{2a^3}{a\left(b+3a\right)}\) (1)
Áp dụng BĐT AM - GM ( x2 + y2 \(\ge2xy\)) ta có:
(1) \(\le a-\frac{2ab^2}{a\left(b+3a\right)}+\frac{2a^2}{b+3a}\) = \(a-\frac{2b^2}{b+3a}+\frac{2a^2}{b+3a}\) (2)
Tương tự ta cũng có:
\(\frac{5b^3-c^3}{bc+3b^2}\le b-\frac{2c^2}{c+3b}+\frac{2b^2}{c+3b}\left(3\right)\)
\(\frac{5c^3-a^2}{ca+3c^2}\)\(\le c-\frac{2a^2}{a+3c}+\frac{2c^2}{a+3c}\)(4)
Từ (2), (3), (4) \(\Rightarrow\frac{5a^3-b^3}{ab+3a^2}+\frac{5b^3-c^3}{bc+3b^2}+\frac{5c^3-a^3}{ca+3c^2}\le a+b+c+\left(\frac{2a^2}{a+3c}-\frac{2a^2}{a+3c}\right)+\left(\frac{2b^2}{b+3c}-\frac{2b^2}{b+3c}\right)+\left(\frac{2c^2}{c+3a}-\frac{2c^2}{c+3a}\right)=a+b+c\le2018\)
Vậy \(\frac{5a^3-b^3}{ab+3a^2}+\frac{5b^3-c^3}{bc+3b^2}+\frac{5c^3-a^3}{ca+3c^2}\le2018\)
A=\(\frac{a}{3a+b+c}+\frac{b}{3b+a+c}+\frac{c}{3c+a+b}\)
=>\(\frac{3}{2}\)-A=\(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{a}{3a+b+c}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{b}{3b+a+c}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{c}{3c+a+b}\)
<=>\(\frac{3}{2}\)-A=\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{6a+2b+2c}+\frac{1}{6b+2a+2c}+\frac{1}{6c+2a+2b}\right)\)
ta lại có
\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{6a+2b+2c}+\frac{1}{6b+2a+2c}+\frac{1}{6c+2a+2b}\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{6a+2b+2c+6b+2a+2c+6c+2a+2b}\right)=\frac{9}{10}\)<=>\(\frac{3}{2}-\)A\(\ge\frac{9}{10}\)<=>A\(\le\frac{3}{2}-\frac{9}{10}=\frac{3}{5}\)
dấu "=" xảy ra <=>a=b=c