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\(a^2+b^2=a^3+b^3=a^4+b^4\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a^3+b^3\right)^2=\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(a^4+b^4\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow a^6+b^6+2a^3b^3=a^6+b^6+a^2b^4+a^4b^2\)
\(\Rightarrow2a^3b^3=a^2b^2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow2ab=a^2+b^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a=b\)
Thế vào \(a^2+b^2=a^3+b^3\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+a^2=a^3+a^3\Rightarrow2a^3=2a^2\Rightarrow a=b=1\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b=2\)
\(a^2+b^2=\left(a+b\right)^2-2ab=\left(-3\right)^2-2\cdot\left(-2\right)=9+4=13\)
\(a^3+b^3=\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(=\left(-3\right)^3-3\cdot\left(-2\right)\cdot\left(-3\right)\)
\(=-27-18=-45\)
VP `=(a+b)(a^2-ab+b^2)`
`=a^3-a^2b+ab^2+a^2b-ab^2+b^3`
`=a^3+(a^2b-a^2b)+(ab^2-ab^2)+b^3`
`=a^3+b^3`
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VP `=(a-b)(a^2+ab+b^2)`
`=a^3+a^2b+ab^2-a^2b-ab^2-b^3`
`=a^3+(a^2b-a^2b)+(ab^2-ab^2)-b^3`
`=a^3-b^3`
\(a^2+b^2\ge2ab\Rightarrow ab\le\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow4=a^2+b^2-ab\ge a^2+b^2-\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}=\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2\le8\)
\(a^2+b^2\ge-2ab\Rightarrow-ab\le\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow4=a^2+b^2-ab\le a^2+b^2+\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}=\dfrac{3\left(a^2+b^2\right)}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{8}{3}\le a^2+b^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{8}{3}\le a^2+b^2\le4\)
Đặt \(P=a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ca\)
\(P=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
\(P\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{6}\left(a+b+c\right)^2=6\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
1. Đề sai với $a=1; b=0; c=-1$
2. Vì $a+b+c=0\Rightarrow a+b=-c$. Khi đó:
$a^3+b^3+c^3=(a+b)^3-3ab(a+b)+c^3$
$=(-c)^3-3ab(-c)+c^3=-c^3+3abc+c^3=3abc$ (đpcm)
3. Đề sai.
$a^5+b^5+c^5=(a^2+b^2)(a^3+b^3)-a^2b^2(a+b)+c^5$
$=[(a+b)^2-2ab][(a+b)^3-3ab(a+b)]-a^2b^2(-c)+c^5$
$=[(-c)^2-2ab][(-c)^3-3ab(-c)]+a^2b^2c+c^5$
$=(c^2-2ab)(3abc-c^3)+a^2b^2c+c^5$
$=3abc^3-c^5-6a^2b^2c+2abc^3+a^2b^2c+c^5$
$=3abc^3-6a^2b^2c+2abc^3+a^2b^2c$
$=abc(5c^2-5ab)=5abc(c^2-ab)$
2:Ta có: a+b+c=0
nên \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=-c\\a+c=-b\\b+c=-a\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có: a+b+c=0
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3+3\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
\(a^2+b^2\le1+ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2-ab-1\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+b^2-ab\right)-\left(a+b\right)\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3\le a+b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^3+b^3\right)^2\le\left(a+b\right)\left(a^5+b^5\right)\) (Do \(a^3+b^3=a^5+b^5\) )
\(\Leftrightarrow a^6+2a^3b^3+b^6\le a^6+ab^5+a^5b+b^6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^3b^3\le ab^5+a^5b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^5b+ab^5+2a^3b^3\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab\left(a^4+b^4+2a^2b^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng \(\forall a;b>0\))
Vậy \(a^2+b^2\le1+ab\)