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Ta có:
\(a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+bc+ca\\ \Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ca+a^2\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
Mà \(\left(a-b\right)^2,\left(b-c\right)^2,\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2=\left(b-c\right)^2=\left(c-a\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Lại có: \(a+b+c=3\Rightarrow a=b=c=1\)
\(\Rightarrow M=1^{2016}+1^{2015}+1^{2020}=1+1+1=3\)
c: Ta có: \(a\left(a+2b\right)^3-b\left(2a+b\right)^3\)
\(=a^4+6a^3b+12a^2b^2+8ab^3-8a^3b-12a^2b^2-6ab^3-b^4\)
\(=a^4-2a^3b+2ab^3-b^4\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)-2ab\left(a^2-b^2\right)\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)^3\cdot\left(a+b\right)\)
\(a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2=2ab+2bc+2ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ca+a^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\c-a=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Ta có: \(a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
\(a^2+b^2+c^2=\left(a+b+c\right)^2-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=9-2\cdot4=1\)
Do đó \(K=1+2021=2022\)
Lời giải:
$a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac=0$
$\Leftrightarrow 2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ac=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (a^2-2ab+b^2)+(b^2-2bc+c^2)+(c^2-2ac+a^2)=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (a-b)^2+(b-c)^2+(c-a)^2=0$
Vì $(a-b)^2; (b-c)^2; (c-a)^2\geq 0$ với mọi $a,b,c$ nên để tổng của chúng bằng $0$ thì:
$a-b=b-c=c-a=0$
$\Rightarrow a=b=c$
$\Rightarrow \frac{a}{b}=\frac{b}{c}=\frac{c}{a}=1$
Khi đó:
$(\frac{a}{b}+1)(\frac{b}{c}+1)(\frac{c}{a}+1)=(1+1)(1+1)(1+1)=8$
Ta có đpcm.
ta có : \(a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+bc+ca\)
\(2.\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=2.\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca=0\)
\(\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ca+a^2\right)=0\)
\(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
\(\hept{\begin{cases}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\c-a=0\end{cases}}=>\hept{\begin{cases}a=b\\b=c\\c=a\end{cases}=>}a=b=c\)
Ta có
$$a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca=0,$$
hay $$\dfrac{1}{2}\left[(a-b)^2+(b-c)^2 +(c-a)^2\right[ = 0.$$
Mà vế trái luôn không âm \(\forall a,b,c \in \mathbb{R}\), đẳng thức xảy ra khi $a=b=c.$
Vậy ta có điều cần chứng minh.
Ta có: \(a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ac=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b+c=1\\a^2+b^2+c^2=2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(a+b+c\right)^2=1\\a^2+b^2+c^2=2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca=1\\a^2+b^2+c^2=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
trừ 2 vế ta được:
\(2ab+2bc+2ca=-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)