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a) Đặt \(ƯCLN\left(5a+3,7a+4\right)=d\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5a+3⋮d\\7a+4⋮d\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}35a+21⋮d\\35a+20⋮d\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(35a+21\right)-\left(35a+20\right)⋮d\)
\(\Rightarrow1⋮d\)
\(\Rightarrow d=1\)
Vậy \(ƯCLN\left(5a+3,7a+4\right)=1\) hay phân số \(\dfrac{5a+3}{7a+4}\) là phân số tối giản. Thế thì phân số này không thể rút gọn cho nguyên nào khác 1.
b) \(A=\dfrac{5a+3}{7a+4}\)
\(A=\dfrac{\dfrac{5}{7}\left(7a+4\right)+\dfrac{1}{7}}{7a+4}\)
\(A=\dfrac{5}{7}+\dfrac{1}{7\left(7a+4\right)}\)
Nếu \(a< 0\) thì \(A< \dfrac{5}{7}\) còn nếu \(a\ge0\) thì \(A>\dfrac{5}{7}\). Do đó ta chỉ cần tìm giá trị lớn nhất của A khi \(a>0\). Để A lớn nhất thì \(7a+4\) nhỏ nhất hay \(a=0\). Vậy để phân số A lớn nhất thì \(a=0\)
a) \(a\left(b+1\right)=3\left(a;b\inℤ\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow a;\left(b+1\right)\in U\left(3\right)=\left\{-1;1;-3;3\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a;b\right)\in\left\{\left(-1;-4\right);\left(1;2\right);\left(-3;-2\right);\left(3;0\right)\right\}\)
b) \(2n+7⋮n+1\left(n\inℤ\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow2n+7-2\left(n+1\right)⋮n+1\)
\(\Rightarrow2n+7-2n-2⋮n+1\)
\(\Rightarrow5⋮n+1\)
\(\Rightarrow n+1\in U\left(5\right)=\left\{-1;1;-5;5\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow n\in\left\{-2;0;-6;4\right\}\)
c) \(xy+x-y=6\left(x;y\inℤ\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x\left(y+1\right)-y-1+1=6\)
\(\Rightarrow x\left(y+1\right)-\left(y+1\right)=5\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(y+1\right)=5\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-1\right);\left(y+1\right)\in U\left(5\right)=\left\{-1;1;-5;5\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x;y\right)\in\left\{\left(-0;-6\right);\left(2;4\right);\left(-4;-2\right);\left(6;0\right)\right\}\)
\(A=\dfrac{6n+3-2}{2n+1}=3-\dfrac{2}{2n+1}\)
Để A max thì 2/2n+1 min
mà n nguyên
nên 2n+1=-1
=>2n=-2
=>n=-1
Để \(\frac{4n+3}{3n+1}\) thuộc Z thì 4n + 3 chia hết cho 3n + 1
\(\Rightarrow3\left(4n+3\right)⋮3n+1\)
\(\Rightarrow12n+9⋮3n+1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(12n+4\right)+5⋮3n+1\)
\(\Rightarrow4\left(3n+1\right)+5⋮3n+1\)
\(\Rightarrow5⋮3n+1\)
\(\Rightarrow3n+1\in\left\{\pm1;\pm5\right\}\)
+) 3n + 1 = 1\(\Rightarrow n=0\) ( chọn )
+) \(3n+1=-1\Rightarrow n=\frac{-2}{3}\) ( loại )
+) \(3n+1=5\Rightarrow n=\frac{4}{3}\) ( loại )
+) \(3n+1=-5\Rightarrow n=-2\)
Vậy n = 0 hoặc n = -2
\(a,A=\dfrac{-3\left(2n-3\right)-8}{2n-3}=-3-\dfrac{8}{2n-3}\in Z\\ \Leftrightarrow2n-3\inƯ\left(8\right)=\left\{-8;-4;-2;-1;1;2;4;8\right\}\\ \Leftrightarrow n\in\left\{1;2\right\}\left(n\in Z\right)\)
\(b,\dfrac{ab}{a+2b}=\dfrac{3}{2}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a+2b}{ab}=\dfrac{2}{3}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{2}{a}=\dfrac{2}{3}\\ \dfrac{bc}{b+2c}=\dfrac{4}{3}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b+2c}{bc}=\dfrac{3}{4}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{2}{b}=\dfrac{3}{4}\\ \dfrac{ca}{c+2a}=3\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{c+2a}{ca}=\dfrac{1}{3}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{2}{c}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Cộng vế theo vế \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3}{a}+\dfrac{3}{b}+\dfrac{3}{c}=\dfrac{2}{3}+\dfrac{3}{4}+\dfrac{1}{3}=\dfrac{7}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)=\dfrac{7}{4}\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=\dfrac{7}{12}\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}=\dfrac{7}{12}\\ \Leftrightarrow T=\dfrac{12}{7}\)
Bài 1.
Giải
a) Ta có: \(A=\dfrac{3n+9}{n-4}=\dfrac{3n-12+21}{n-4}=\dfrac{3\left(n-4\right)+21}{n-4}=3+\dfrac{21}{n-4}\)
Để \(A\in Z\) thì \(\dfrac{21}{n-4}\in Z\)
\(\Rightarrow21⋮\left(n-4\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(n-4\right)\inƯ\left(21\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(n-4\right)\in\left\{\pm1;\pm3;\pm7;\pm21\right\}\)
Ta có bẳng sau:
\(n-4\) | \(-21\) | \(-7\) | \(-3\) | \(-1\) | \(1\) | \(3\) | \(7\) | \(21\) |
\(n\) | \(-17\) | \(-3\) | \(1\) | \(3\) | \(5\) | \(7\) | \(11\) | \(25\) |
Vậy \(n\in\left\{-17;-3;1;3;5;7;11;25\right\}\) thì \(A\in Z.\)
b) Ta có: \(B=\dfrac{6n+5}{2n-1}=\dfrac{6n-3+8}{2n-1}=\dfrac{3\left(2n-1\right)+8}{2n-1}=3+\dfrac{8}{2n-1}\)
Để \(B\in Z\) thì \(\dfrac{8}{2n-1}\in Z\)
\(\Rightarrow8⋮\left(2n-1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(2n-1\right)\inƯ\left(8\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(2n-1\right)\in\left\{\pm1;\pm2;\pm4;\pm8\right\}\)
Ta có bảng sau:
\(2n-1\) | \(-8\) | \(-4\) | \(-2\) | \(-1\) | \(1\) | \(2\) | \(4\) | \(8\) |
\(2n\) | \(-7\) | \(-3\) | \(-1\) | \(0\) | \(2\) | \(3\) | \(5\) | \(9\) |
\(n\) | \(\dfrac{-7}{2}\) | \(\dfrac{-3}{2}\) | \(\dfrac{-1}{2}\) | \(0\) | \(1\) | \(\dfrac{3}{2}\) | \(\dfrac{5}{2}\) | \(\dfrac{9}{2}\) |
Vậy \(n\in\left\{\dfrac{-7}{2};\dfrac{-3}{2};\dfrac{-1}{2};0;1;\dfrac{3}{2};\dfrac{5}{2};\dfrac{9}{2}\right\}\)
Bạn Nguyen Thi Huyen giải bài 1 rồi nên mình giải tiếp các bài kia nhé!
Bài 2:
\(\dfrac{x-18}{2000}+\dfrac{x-17}{2001}=\dfrac{x-16}{2002}+\dfrac{x-15}{2003}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{x-18}{2000}-1\right)+\left(\dfrac{x-17}{2001}-1\right)=\left(\dfrac{x-16}{2002}-1\right)+\left(\dfrac{x-15}{2003}-1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x-2018}{2000}+\dfrac{x-2018}{2001}=\dfrac{x-2018}{2002}+\dfrac{x-2018}{2003}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x-2018}{2000}+\dfrac{x-2018}{2001}-\dfrac{x-2018}{2002}-\dfrac{x-2018}{2003}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2018\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2000}+\dfrac{1}{2001}-\dfrac{1}{2002}-\dfrac{1}{2003}\right)=0\)
Dễ thấy \(\dfrac{1}{2000}>\dfrac{1}{2001}>\dfrac{1}{2002}>\dfrac{1}{2003}\) nên:
\(\dfrac{1}{2000}+\dfrac{1}{2001}+\dfrac{1}{2002}+\dfrac{1}{2003}\ne0\). Do đó:
\(x-2018=0\Leftrightarrow x=2018\)
Bài 3:
a) \(\dfrac{5}{x}+\dfrac{y}{4}=\dfrac{1}{8}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{20}{4x}+\dfrac{xy}{4x}=\dfrac{20+xy}{4x+4x}=\dfrac{20+xy}{8x}=\dfrac{1}{8}\)
Hoán vị ngoại tỉ ta có: \(\dfrac{20+xy}{8x}=\dfrac{1}{8}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{8}{8x}=\dfrac{1}{x}=\dfrac{1}{8}\Leftrightarrow x=8\)
Thế x = 8 vào : \(\dfrac{5}{x}+\dfrac{y}{4}=\dfrac{1}{8}\) .Ta có: \(\dfrac{5}{8}+\dfrac{y}{4}=\dfrac{1}{8}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{y}{4}=\dfrac{1}{8}-\dfrac{5}{8}=\dfrac{-2}{4}\). Ta có: \(\dfrac{y}{4}=\dfrac{-2}{4}\Leftrightarrow y=-2\)
Vậy: \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=8\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) \(\dfrac{1}{x}-\dfrac{2}{y}=\dfrac{3}{1}\Rightarrow\dfrac{y}{x}-2=\dfrac{3}{1}\) (hoán vị ngoại tỉ)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{y}{x}=\dfrac{5}{1}\). Suy ra nghiệm x,y có dạng \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1k\\y=5k\end{matrix}\right.\left(k\in Z\right)\). Bằng các phép thử lại ta dễ dàng suy ra x,y vô nghiệm.
A = \(\dfrac{3n+1}{2n+3}\) (n \(\ne\) - \(\dfrac{3}{2}\))
A \(\in\) Z ⇔ 3n + 1 ⋮ 2n + 3
6n + 2 ⋮ 2n + 3
6n + 9 - 7 ⋮ 2n + 3
3.(2n + 3) - 7 ⋮ 2n + 3
7 ⋮ 2n + 3 ⇒ 2n + 3 \(\in\) Ư(7) = { -7; -1; 1; 7}
Lập bảng ta có:
Vậy các số nguyên n thỏa mãn đề bài là:
n \(\in\) { -5; -2; -1; 2}
\(A=\dfrac{3n+1}{2n+3}\inℤ\) \(\left(n\ne-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow3n+1⋮2n+3\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(3n+1\right)-3\left(2n+3\right)⋮2n+3\)
\(\Rightarrow6n+2-6n-9⋮2n+3\)
\(\Rightarrow-7⋮2n+3\)
\(\Rightarrow2n+3\in\left\{-1;1;-7;7\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow n\in\left\{-2;-1;-5;2\right\}\)