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b) \(\dfrac{\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}-\dfrac{\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}}-\dfrac{2b}{a-b}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}-\dfrac{\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}}-\dfrac{2b}{\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)-\sqrt{b}\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)-2b}{\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{a+\sqrt{ab}-\sqrt{ab}+b-\sqrt{ab}+b-2b}{a-b}\)
\(=\dfrac{a}{a-b}\)
Đẳng thức quen thuộc: \(a^2+ab+bc+ca=\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\) và tương tự cho các mẫu số còn lại
Ta có:
\(\sum\dfrac{1}{a^2+1}=\sum\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}=\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}=\dfrac{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)
Mặt khác:
\(2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)=\left[a\left(b+c\right)+b\left(c+a\right)+c\left(a+b\right)\right]\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\ge\left(a\sqrt{b+c}+b\sqrt{c+a}+c\sqrt{a+b}\right)^2\) (Bunhiacopxki)
\(\Rightarrow\sum\dfrac{1}{a^2+1}\ge\dfrac{\left(a\sqrt{b+c}+b\sqrt{c+a}+c\sqrt{a+b}\right)^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\right)^2\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\right)^2\)
Do đó ta chỉ cần chứng minh:
\(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\le\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Đúng theo AM-GM:
\(\sum\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\sum\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{a}{a+c}\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
Ta có:
\(VT=\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ca}\right)-2\left(\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ca}\right)}\)
\(=\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)^2-2\left(\dfrac{c}{abc}+\dfrac{a}{abc}+\dfrac{b}{bca}\right)}\)
\(=\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)^2-2\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{abc}\right)}\)
\(=\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)^2}\)
\(=\left|\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right|\)
\(\Rightarrow VT=VP\)
Vậy \(\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}}=\left|\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right|\) (Đpcm)
\(abc=1\Rightarrow\) đặt \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(\dfrac{x}{y};\dfrac{y}{z};\dfrac{z}{x}\right)\)
\(P=\sqrt{\dfrac{yz}{xy+xz}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{zx}{xy+yz}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{xy}{yz+zx}}\)
\(P=\dfrac{2yz}{2\sqrt{yz\left(xy+xz\right)}}+\dfrac{2zx}{2\sqrt{zx\left(xy+yz\right)}}+\dfrac{2xy}{2\sqrt{xy\left(yz+zx\right)}}\)
\(P\ge\dfrac{2yz}{xy+yz+zx}+\dfrac{2zx}{xy+yz+zx}+\dfrac{2xy}{xy+yz+zx}=2\)
Dấu "=" không xảy ra nên \(P>2\)
1) Áp dụng BĐT Cô si
ta có
\(\left(\sqrt{a+b}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\forall a,b\inĐK\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b-2\sqrt{a+b}.\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+\dfrac{1}{4}\ge\sqrt{a+b}\)
vậy ĐPCM
Bài 2
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy ta có \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{ab}}\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}}\le\dfrac{\sqrt{ab}}{2}\)
Thiết lập tương tự và thu lại ta có:
\(\Rightarrow VP\le4\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}}{2}\right)=2\left(\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}\right)\left(1\right)\)
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy ta có \(a+b\ge2\sqrt{ab}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge\left(2\sqrt{ab}+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge2.2\sqrt{ab}.\dfrac{1}{2}=2\sqrt{ab}\)
Thiết lập tương tự và thu lại ta có:
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge2\left(\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}\right)\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge VP\)
\(\Rightarrowđpcm\)
Bài 1:
a: \(=\dfrac{1}{mn^2}\cdot\dfrac{n^2\cdot\left(-m\right)}{\sqrt{5}}=\dfrac{-\sqrt{5}}{5}\)
b: \(=\dfrac{m^2}{\left|2m-3\right|}=\dfrac{m^2}{3-2m}\)
c: \(=\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right):\dfrac{\left(a-1\right)^2}{\left(1-\sqrt{a}\right)}=\dfrac{-\left(a-1\right)}{\left(a-1\right)^2}=\dfrac{-1}{a-1}\)
Ta có: \(\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}-2\left(\dfrac{c}{abc}+\dfrac{b}{abc}+\dfrac{a}{abc}\right)}\)
\(=\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}-2\cdot\dfrac{a+b+c}{abc}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)^2}=\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\)