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1,\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2-2ab-2a-2b\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a-1\right)^2\left(b-1\right)^2\ge0\)(Luôn đúng)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(a=b=1\)
2/Bổ sung đk a,b >= 0 (nếu a,b < 0,cho a=b=-2 suy ra a^3 + b^3 + 1 -3ab = -27 < 0)
Ta chứng minh BĐT \(x^3+y^3+z^3\ge3xyz\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz\ge0\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)\left[\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2\right]\ge0\) (đúng)
Áp dụng vào,suy ra: \(a^3+b^3+1^3-3ab\ge3ab-3ab=0\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a = b = c = 1
Ta có A=\(\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)-abc\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\right)\)
=\(2\left(a+b+c\right)+\frac{ab}{c}+\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ca}{b}-\frac{ab}{c}-\frac{bc}{a}-\frac{ca}{b}=2\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(A=\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)+3ab\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-2ab\right]+6a^2b^2=a^2-ab+b^2+3ab\left(1-2ab\right)+6a^2b^2\)
=\(\left(a+b\right)^2-3ab+3ab-6a^2b^2+6a^2b^2=1\)
2) Ta có \(A=\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\left(c-1\right)=abc-ab-bc-ca+a+b+c-1=0\)
a) \(a^2+b^2+c^2+3=2\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2a+1\right)+\left(b^2-2b+1\right)+\left(c^2-2c+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-1\right)^2+\left(b-1\right)^2+\left(c-1\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
b) \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=3\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)=3\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+bc+ac\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ac=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2+b^2-2ab\right)+\left(b^2+c^2-2bc\right)+\left(c^2+a^2-2ac\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Đặt \(A=\frac{1}{a^2+2b^2+3}+\frac{1}{b^2+2c^2+3}+\frac{1}{c^2+2a^2+3}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức cô-si, ta có:
\(a^2+b^2\ge2.\sqrt{a^2.b^2}=>a^2+b^2\ge2ab\)
\(b^2+1\ge2.\sqrt{b^2.1}=>b^2+1\ge2b\)
=>\(a^2+b^2+b^2+1\ge2ab+2b\)
=>\(a^2+2b^2+1+2\ge2ab+2b+2\)
=>\(a^2+2b^2+3\ge2ab+2b+2\)
=>\(a^2+2b^2+3\ge2\left(ab+b+1\right)\)
=>\(\frac{1}{a^2+2b^2+3}\le\frac{1}{2.\left(ab+b+1\right)}\)
Chứng minh tương tự, ta có:
\(\frac{1}{b^2+2c^2+3}\le\frac{1}{2.\left(bc+c+1\right)}\)
\(\frac{1}{c^2+2a^2+3}\le\frac{1}{2.\left(ca+a+1\right)}\)
=>\(\frac{1}{a^2+2b^2+3}+\frac{1}{b^2+2c^2+3}+\frac{1}{c^2+2a^2+3}\le\frac{1}{2.\left(ab+b+1\right)}+\frac{1}{2.\left(bc+c+1\right)}+\frac{1}{2.\left(ca+a+1\right)}\)
=>\(A\le\frac{1}{2}.\frac{1}{ab+b+1}+\frac{1}{2}.\frac{1}{bc+c+1}+\frac{1}{2}.\frac{1}{ca+a+1}\)
=>\(A\le\frac{1}{2}.\left(\frac{1}{ab+b+1}+\frac{1}{bc+c+1}+\frac{1}{ca+a+1}\right)\)
=>\(A\le\frac{1}{2}.\left(\frac{ca}{ca.\left(ab+b+1\right)}+\frac{a}{a.\left(bc+c+1\right)}+\frac{1}{ca+a+1}\right)\)
=>\(A\le\frac{1}{2}.\left(\frac{ca}{abc.c+abc+ca}+\frac{a}{abc+ca+a}+\frac{1}{ca+a+1}\right)\)
Vì abc=1(theo giả thiết)
=>\(A\le\frac{1}{2}.\left(\frac{ca}{c+1+ca}+\frac{a}{1+ca+a}+\frac{1}{ca+a+1}\right)\)
=>\(A\le\frac{1}{2}.\left(\frac{ca}{ca+a+1}+\frac{a}{ca+a+1}+\frac{1}{ca+a+1}\right)\)
=>\(A\le\frac{1}{2}.\frac{ca+a+1}{ca+a+1}\)
=>\(A\le\frac{1}{2}.1\)
=>\(A\le\frac{1}{2}\)
=>\(\frac{1}{a^2+2b^2+3}+\frac{1}{b^2+2c^2+3}+\frac{1}{c^2+2a^2+3}\le\frac{1}{2}\)
=>ĐPCM
\(=a^5+a^3b^2+b^3a^2+b^5-\left(a+b\right)\)
\(=a^5+b^5+\left(a^3b^2+b^3a^2\right)-\left(a+b\right)\)
\(=a^5+b^5+a^2b^2\left(a+b\right)-\left(a+b\right)\)
\(=a^5+b^5+\left[\left(ab\right)^2-1\right]\left(a+b\right)\)
Mà \(ab=1\Rightarrow\left(ab\right)^2-1=1^2-1=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a^3+b^3\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)-\left(a+b\right)=a^5+b^5+0=a^5+b^5\)
Vậy ...
a/ Biến đổi tương đương:
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2c+ab^2+bc^2\ge b^2c+ac^2+a^2b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2c-a^2b+ab^2-ac^2+bc^2-b^2c\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2\left(c-b\right)-\left(ab+ac\right)\left(c-b\right)+bc\left(c-b\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(c-b\right)\left(a^2+bc-ab-ac\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(c-b\right)\left(a\left(a-b\right)-c\left(a-b\right)\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(c-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(a-b\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(c-b\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(b-a\right)\ge0\) luôn đúng do \(a\le b\le c\)
Vậy BĐT ban đầu đúng
Câu 2: Đề sai, cho \(a=b=c=1\Rightarrow3\ge6\) (sai)
Đề đúng phải là \(\frac{a}{bc}+\frac{b}{ac}+\frac{c}{ab}\ge\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\)
\(VT=\frac{a^2}{abc}+\frac{b^2}{abc}+\frac{c^2}{abc}=\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{abc}\ge\frac{ab+ac+bc}{abc}=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\)
Câu 3: Không phải với mọi x; y với mọi \(x;y\) dương
Biến đổi tương đương do mẫu số vế phải dương nên ta được quyền nhân chéo:
\(\Leftrightarrow3x^3\ge\left(2x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x^3\ge2x^3+x^2y+xy^2-y^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3+y^3-x^2y-xy^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(x-y\right)-y^2\left(x-y\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2-y^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\left(x+y\right)\ge0\) (luôn đúng)