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a. PTHH: H2SO4 + 2NaOH ---> Na2SO4 + 2H2O
b. Ta có: \(C_{\%_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{m_{H_2SO_4}}{300}.100\%=19,6\%\)
=> \(m_{H_2SO_4}=58,8\left(g\right)\)
=> \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{58,8}{98}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
Ta lại có: \(C_{\%_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{m_{NaOH}}{200}.100\%=20\%\)
=> mNaOH = 40(g)
=> \(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{40}{40}=1\left(mol\right)\)
Ta thấy: \(\dfrac{0,6}{1}>\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Vậy H2SO4 dư.
=> \(m_{dd_{Na_2SO_4}}=300+40=340\left(g\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{1}{2}.1=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{Na_2SO_4}=0,5.142=71\left(g\right)\)
=> \(C_{\%_{Na_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{71}{340}.100\%=20,88\%\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25(mol)\\ Mg+H_2SO_4\to MgSO_4+H_2\\ MgO+H_2SO_4\to MgSO_4+H_2O\\ \Rightarrow n_{Mg}=0,25(mol)\\ a,\begin{cases} \%_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,25.24}{14}.100\%=42,86\%\\ \%_{MgO}=100\%-42,86\%=57,14\% \end{cases}\\ b,n_{MgO}=\dfrac{14-0,25.24}{40}=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow \Sigma n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2+0,25=0,45(mol)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,45.98}{200}.100\%=22,05\%\)
Bài 6 :
a) Pt : \(MgO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2O|\)
1 1 1 1
a 2a 0,2
\(Al_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O|\)
1 3 1 3
b 3b 0,1
b) Gọi a là số mol của MgO
b là số mol của Al2O3
\(m_{MgO}+m_{Al2O3}=18,2\left(g\right)\)
⇒ \(n_{MgO}.M_{MgO}+n_{Al2O3}.M_{Al2O3}=18,2g\)
⇒ 40a + 102b = 18,2g
Ta có : \(m_{ct}=\dfrac{19,6.250}{100}=49\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H2SO4}=\dfrac{49}{98}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ 1a + 3b = 0,5 (2)
Từ (1),(2), ta có hệ phương trình :
40a + 102b = 18,2g
1a + 3b = 0,5
⇒ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{MgO}=0,2.40=8\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Al2O3}=0,1.102=10,2\left(g\right)\)
d) Có : \(n_{MgO}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{MgSO4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Al2O3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{Al2\left(SO4\right)3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{MgSO4}=0,2.120=24\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Al2\left(SO4\right)3}=0,1.342=34,2\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddspu}=18,2+250=268,2\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{MgSO4}=\dfrac{24.100}{268,2}=8,95\)0/0
\(C_{Al2\left(SO4\right)3}=\dfrac{34,2.100}{268,2}=12,75\)0/0
e) \(2NaOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O|\)
2 1 1 2
1 0,5
\(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{0,5.2}{1}=1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{NaOH}=1.40=40\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddnaOH}=\dfrac{40.100}{12}=333,33\left(g\right)\)
\(V_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{333,33}{1,1}=303,2\left(ml\right)\)
Chúc bạn học tốt
mBaCl2=10.4(g)
nBaCl2=0.05(mol)
mH2SO4=11.76(g)
nH2SO4=0.12(mol)
BaCl2+H2SO4->BaSO4+2HCl
Theo pthh:nH2SO4=nBaCl2
theo bài ra,nH2SO4>nBaCl2
->H2SO4 dư
nH2SO4 dư=0.12-0.05=0.07(mol)
mH2SO4 dư=0.07*98=6.86(g)
nBaSO4=0.05(mol)
mBaSO4=11.65(g)
nHCl=0.05*2=0.1(mol)
mHCl=3.65(g)
mdd sau phản ứng:200+58.8-11.65=247.15(g)
C%(HCl)=3.65:247.15*100=1.48%
C%(H2SO4)=6.86:247.15*100=2.78%
Ta có: \(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{16}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=200.19,6\%=39,2\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{39,2}{98}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
a, PT: \(Fe_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)
b, Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}< \dfrac{0,4}{3}\), ta được H2SO4 dư.
Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4\left(pư\right)}=3n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇒ nH2SO4 (dư) = 0,4 - 0,3 = 0,1 (mol)
Ta có: m dd sau pư = mFe2O3 + m dd H2SO4 = 16 + 200 = 216 (g)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,1.400}{216}.100\%\approx18,52\%\\C\%_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,1.98}{216}.100\%\approx4,54\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!
\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{16}{160}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{200\cdot19.6\%}{98}=0.4\left(mol\right)\)
\(Fe_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)
\(LTL:\dfrac{0.1}{1}< \dfrac{0.4}{3}\Rightarrow H_2SO_4dư\)
\(m_{\text{dung dịch sau phản ứng}}=16+200=216\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0.1\cdot400}{216}\cdot100\%=18.51\%\)
\(C\%_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{\left(0.4-0.2\right)\cdot98}{216}\cdot100\%=9.1\%\)
PTHH: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
2a______3a__________a_______3a (mol)
\(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)
b_______b________b______b (mol)
Ta lập HPT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27\cdot2a+24b=7,8\\3a+b=\dfrac{200\cdot19,6\%}{98}=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=0,1\cdot24=2,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=5,4\left(g\right)\\n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{MgSO_4}\\n_{H_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{H_2}=0,4\cdot2=0,8\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{KL}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}-m_{H_2}=207\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot342}{207}\cdot100\%\approx16,52\%\\C\%_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot120}{207}\cdot100\%\approx5,8\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bài 2:
a) PTHH: \(Na_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH\)
b) Dung dịch A là dung dịch bazơ
Ta có: \(n_{Na_2O}=\dfrac{3,1}{62}=0,05\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=0,1\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow C_{M_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{0,1}{1}=0,1\left(M\right)\)
c) Sửa đề: dd H2SO4 9,8%
PTHH: \(2NaOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,05\cdot98}{9,8\%}=50\left(g\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{50}{1,14}\approx43,86\left(ml\right)\)
Bài 1:
PTHH: \(CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CuO}=\dfrac{16}{80}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{200\cdot19,6\%}{98}=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\) Axit còn dư
\(\Rightarrow n_{CuSO_4}=0,2\left(mol\right)=n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot160}{200+16}\cdot100\%\approx14,81\%\\C\%_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot98}{200+16}\cdot100\%\approx9,07\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{ct}=\dfrac{19,6.200}{100}=39,2\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H2SO4}=\dfrac{39,2}{98}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
a) Pt : \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2|\)
2 3 1 3
0,2 0,4 0,1 0,3
b) Lap ti so so sanh : \(\dfrac{0,2}{2}< \dfrac{0,4}{3}\)
⇒ Al phan ung het , H2SO4 du
⇒ Tinh toan dua vao so mol cua Al
\(n_{Al2\left(SO4\right)3}=\dfrac{0,2.1}{2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{Al2\left(SO4\right)3}=0,1.342=34,2\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H2SO4\left(du\right)}=0,4-\left(\dfrac{0,2.3}{2}\right)=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{H2SO4\left(du\right)}=0,1.98=9,8\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddspu}=5,4+200-\left(0,3.2\right)=204,8\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{Al2\left(So4\right)3}=\dfrac{34,2.100}{204,8}=16,7\)0/0
\(C_{H2SO4\left(du\right)}=\dfrac{9,8.100}{204,8}=4,78\)0/0
Chuc ban hoc tot
\(n_{MgO}=\dfrac{2}{40}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H2SO4}=\dfrac{19,6\%.100}{100\%.98}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(MgO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2O\)
Xét tỉ lệ : \(\dfrac{0,05}{1}< \dfrac{0,2}{1}\Rightarrow H_2SO_4dư\)
Theo pt : \(n_{MgO\left(pư\right)}=n_{MgSO4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{MgSO4}=\dfrac{0,05.120}{2+100}.100\%=5,88\%\\C\%_{ddH2SO4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{\left(0,2-0,05\right).98}{2+100}.100\%=14,41\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
nMgO=0,15(mol); nH2SO4=0,4(mol)
PTHH: MgO + H2SO4 -> MgSO4 + H2O
0,15________0,15__________0,15(mol)
Ta có: 0,15/1 < 0,4/1
=> H2SO4 dư, MgO hết, tính theo nMgO
-> nH2SO4(dư)=0,4-0,15=0,25(mol) => mH2SO4(dư)=24,5(g)
nMgSO4=nMg=0,15(mol) => mMgSO4=120.0,15=18(g)
mddsau=6+200=206(g)
=>C%ddH2SO4(dư)=(24,5/206).100=11,893%
C%ddMgSO4=(18/206).100=8,738%
PTHH: \(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=\dfrac{6}{24}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{200\cdot19,6\%}{98}=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\) Axit dư
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgSO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{MgSO_4}=0,25\cdot120=30\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2}=0,25\cdot2=0,5\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,15\cdot98=14,7\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{Mg}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}-m_{H_2}=205,5\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{30}{205,5}\cdot100\%\approx14,6\%\\C\%_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{14,7}{205,5}\cdot100\%\approx7,2\%\end{matrix}\right.\)