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a. PTHH: H2SO4 + 2NaOH ---> Na2SO4 + 2H2O
b. Ta có: \(C_{\%_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{m_{H_2SO_4}}{300}.100\%=19,6\%\)
=> \(m_{H_2SO_4}=58,8\left(g\right)\)
=> \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{58,8}{98}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
Ta lại có: \(C_{\%_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{m_{NaOH}}{200}.100\%=20\%\)
=> mNaOH = 40(g)
=> \(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{40}{40}=1\left(mol\right)\)
Ta thấy: \(\dfrac{0,6}{1}>\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Vậy H2SO4 dư.
=> \(m_{dd_{Na_2SO_4}}=300+40=340\left(g\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{1}{2}.1=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{Na_2SO_4}=0,5.142=71\left(g\right)\)
=> \(C_{\%_{Na_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{71}{340}.100\%=20,88\%\)
nMgO=0,15(mol); nH2SO4=0,4(mol)
PTHH: MgO + H2SO4 -> MgSO4 + H2O
0,15________0,15__________0,15(mol)
Ta có: 0,15/1 < 0,4/1
=> H2SO4 dư, MgO hết, tính theo nMgO
-> nH2SO4(dư)=0,4-0,15=0,25(mol) => mH2SO4(dư)=24,5(g)
nMgSO4=nMg=0,15(mol) => mMgSO4=120.0,15=18(g)
mddsau=6+200=206(g)
=>C%ddH2SO4(dư)=(24,5/206).100=11,893%
C%ddMgSO4=(18/206).100=8,738%
PTHH: \(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=\dfrac{6}{24}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{200\cdot19,6\%}{98}=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\) Axit dư
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgSO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{MgSO_4}=0,25\cdot120=30\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2}=0,25\cdot2=0,5\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,15\cdot98=14,7\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{Mg}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}-m_{H_2}=205,5\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{30}{205,5}\cdot100\%\approx14,6\%\\C\%_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{14,7}{205,5}\cdot100\%\approx7,2\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(a)n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{58,8.20}{100.98}=0,12mol\\ n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{200.5,2}{100.208}=0,05mol\\ BaCl_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_4+2HCl\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{0,12}{1}>\dfrac{0,05}{2}\Rightarrow H_2SO_4.dư\\ BaCl_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_4+2HCl\)
0,05 0,05 0,05 0,1
\(m_{BaSO_4}=0,05.233=11,65g\\ b)m_{dd}=58,8+200-11,65=247,15g\\ C_{\%HCl}=\dfrac{0,1.36,5}{247,15}\cdot100=1,48\%\\ C_{\%H_2SO_4,dư}=\dfrac{\left(0,12-0,05\right).98}{247,15}\cdot100=2,78\%\)
mddH2SO4 = 100 . 1,137 = 113,7
nH2SO4 = 113,7 . 20%/98 = 0,232 mol
nBaCl2 = 400 . 5,29%/208 = 0,1 mol
H2SO4 + BaCl2 —> BaSO4 + 2HCI
Bđ: 0,232 0,1
Pứ: 0,1 0, 1 0,1 0,2
Sau pứ: 0,132 0
mBaSO4 = 0,1.233 = 23,3 gam
Khối lượng dung dịch sau khi lọc bỏ kết tủa:
mddB = mddH2SO4 + mddBaCl2 - mBaSO4 = 490,4
C%HCI = 0,2.36,5/490,4 = 1,49%
C%H2SO4 dư = 0,132.98/490,4 = 2,64%
\(n_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{71.20}{100.142}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{100.10,4}{100.208}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(Na_2SO_4+BaCl_2\rightarrow BaSO_4\downarrow+2NaCl\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}>\dfrac{0,05}{1}\) => BaCl2 hết, Na2SO4 dư
PTHH: \(Na_2SO_4+BaCl_2\rightarrow BaSO_4\downarrow+2NaCl\)
0,05<--------0,05---->0,05------->0,1
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Na_2SO_4}=\left(0,1-0,05\right).142=7,1\left(g\right)\\m_{NaCl}=0,1.58,5=5,85\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
mdd sau pư = 71 + 100 - 0,05.233 = 159,35(g)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%\left(Na_2SO_4\right)=\dfrac{7,1}{159,35}.100\%=4,456\%\\C\%\left(NaCl\right)=\dfrac{5,85}{159,35}.100\%=3,67\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{200.5,2}{100}=10,4\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{10,4}{208}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{58,8.20}{100}=11,76\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{11,76}{98}=0,12\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:BaCl_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_4\downarrow+2HCl\)
- Ta có: 0,05/1 < 0,12/1
=> BaCl2 hết, H2SO4 dư.
=> Các chất trong dd sau phản ứng là H2SO4 (dư) và HCl.
\(n_{BaSO_4}=n_{BaCl_2}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ \rightarrow m_{BaSO_4}=0,05.233=11,65\left(g\right)\)
Ta có: \(m_{ddsau}=200+58,8-11,65=247,15\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=11,76-\left(0,12-0,05\right).98=4,9\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=2.0,05=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \rightarrow m_{HCl}=0,1.36,5=3,65\left(g\right)\)
=> \(C\%_{ddH_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{4,9}{247,15}.100\approx1,983\%\)
\(C\%ddHCl=\dfrac{3,65}{217,15}.100\approx1,477\%\)
\(2NaOH + H_2SO_4 \rightarrow Na_2SO_4 + 2H_2O\)
\(m_{NaOH}= 20 .10\)%=2g \(\Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{2}{40}=0,05 mol\)
mH2SO4= 20 . 10% = 2g \(\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}= \dfrac{2}{98}= 0,02 mol\)
\(2NaOH + H_2SO_4 \rightarrow Na_2SO_4 + 2H_2O\)
Trước pư: 0,05 0,02
PƯ: 0,04 0,02 0,02
Sau pư: 0,01 0 0,02
dd sau pư gồm NaOH dư và Na2SO4
\(m_{dd sau pư}= m_{NaOH} + m_{H_2SO_4}= 20 + 20=40g\)
Ta có
C%\(NaOH\)=\(\dfrac{0,01 . 40}{40} . 100\)%=1%
C%\(Na_2SO_4\)=\(\dfrac{0,02 .142}{40} . 100\)%=7,1%
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25(mol)\\ Mg+H_2SO_4\to MgSO_4+H_2\\ MgO+H_2SO_4\to MgSO_4+H_2O\\ \Rightarrow n_{Mg}=0,25(mol)\\ a,\begin{cases} \%_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,25.24}{14}.100\%=42,86\%\\ \%_{MgO}=100\%-42,86\%=57,14\% \end{cases}\\ b,n_{MgO}=\dfrac{14-0,25.24}{40}=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow \Sigma n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2+0,25=0,45(mol)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,45.98}{200}.100\%=22,05\%\)
mBaCl2=10.4(g)
nBaCl2=0.05(mol)
mH2SO4=11.76(g)
nH2SO4=0.12(mol)
BaCl2+H2SO4->BaSO4+2HCl
Theo pthh:nH2SO4=nBaCl2
theo bài ra,nH2SO4>nBaCl2
->H2SO4 dư
nH2SO4 dư=0.12-0.05=0.07(mol)
mH2SO4 dư=0.07*98=6.86(g)
nBaSO4=0.05(mol)
mBaSO4=11.65(g)
nHCl=0.05*2=0.1(mol)
mHCl=3.65(g)
mdd sau phản ứng:200+58.8-11.65=247.15(g)
C%(HCl)=3.65:247.15*100=1.48%
C%(H2SO4)=6.86:247.15*100=2.78%
Sai