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Giải:
a) Số mol khí CO2 sinh ra là:
nCO2 = V/22,4 = 4,48/22,4 = 0,2 (mol)
PTHH: Na2CO3 + 2HCl -> 2NaCl + H2CO3
PTHH: 10NaHCO3 + 10HCl -> 10NaCl + H2O + 15CO2↑
--------------\(\dfrac{2}{15}\)------------------------------------------0,2--
b) Khối lượng NaHCO3 là:
mNaHCO3 = n.M = \(\dfrac{2}{15}\).84 = 11,2 (g)
Thành phần phần trăm theo khối lượng của NaHCO3 trong hỗn hợp ban đầu là:
%mNaHCO3 = (mNaHCO3/mhh).100 = (11,2/19).100 ≃ 58,95 %
=> %mNa2CO3 = 100 - 58,95 = 41,05 %
Vậy ...
\(\text{a) }Na_2CO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2NaCl+CO_2+H_2O\left(1\right)\\ NaHCO_3+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+CO_2+H_2O\left(2\right)\)
\(\text{b) }n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{V}{22,4}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(Na_2CO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2NaCl+CO_2+H_2O\left(1\right)\\ \text{ }\text{ }\text{ }x\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }x\\ NaHCO_3+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+CO_2+H_2O\left(2\right)\\ \text{ }\text{ }\text{ }y\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }y\)
Từ \(\left(1\right)\) và \(\left(2\right),\) ta có hệ phương trình: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=0,2\\106x+84y=19\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Na_2CO_3}=n\cdot M=0,1\cdot106=10,6\left(g\right)\\ m_{NaHCO_3}=n\cdot M=0,1\cdot84=8,4\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\%Na_2CO_3=\dfrac{10,6\cdot100}{19}=55,79\%\\ \%NaHCO_3=\dfrac{8,4\cdot100}{19}=44,21\%\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{20,16}{22,4}=0,9\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH :
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
0,6 1,8 0,6 0,9
\(a,m_{HCl}=1,8.36,5=65,7\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{65,7}{400}.100\%=16,425\%\)
\(b,m_{AlCl_3}=0,6.133,5=80,1\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddAlCl_3}=\left(0,6.27+400\right)-0,9.2=414,4\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{80,1}{414,4}.100\%\approx19,33\%\)
\(Zn+2HCl->ZnCl_2+H_2\\ Mg+2HCl->MgCl_2+H_2\\ n_{Zn}=a\\ n_{Mg}=b\\ 65a+24b=11,3g\\ n_{H_2}=a+b=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\\ a=0,1\\ m_{Zn}=65.0,1=6,5g\)
nHCl (ban đầu) = 0.6(mol)
gọi nK2CO3 = x (mol)
nNa2CO3 = y(mol)
Ta có : x + y = nCO2 = 0.25(mol)
K2CO3 + 2HCl ---> 2KCl + H2O + CO2
x________2x____________________x
Na2CO3 + 2HCl ---> 2NaCl + H2O + CO2
y_________2y____________________y
=> n(HCl pư) = 2 x 0.25 = 0.5(mol)
=> nHCl dư = 0.1(mol) = nNaOH
=> dd thu được gồm : K(+) , Na(+), Cl(-) , Na(+)
Ta có : 78x + 46y = 39.9 - 0.6*35.5 - 23*0.1 = 16.3
=> x = 0.15
y = 0.1
BẠN THAM KHẢO
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=x\\n_{Zn}=y\\n_{Cu}=z\end{matrix}\right.\) ( mol )
\(m_{hh}=27x+65y+64z=22,8\left(g\right)\) (1)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
x 1,5x ( mol )
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
y y ( mol )
\(n_{H_2}=1,5x+y=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\) (2)
B là Cu
\(2Cu+O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2CuO\)
z z ( mol )
\(n_{CuO}=z=\dfrac{5,5}{80}=0,06875\left(mol\right)\) (3)
\(\left(1\right);\left(2\right);\left(3\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,2\\z=0,06875\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Zn}=0,2.65=13\left(g\right)\\m_{Cu}=22,8-5,4-13=4,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) 2Al + 6HCl \(\rightarrow\) 2AlCl3 + 3H2
Fe + 2HCl \(\rightarrow\) FeCl2 + H2
b) Gọi nAl = x, nFe = y
=> 27x + 56y = 11 (1)
Theo pt: \(\Sigma\)nH2 = 1,5x + y = \(\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4mol\)(2)
Từ 1 + 2 => x = 0,2 , y = 0,1
=> mAl = 0,2.27 = 5,4 => %mAl = \(\dfrac{5,4}{11}.100\%\approx49,09\%\)
%mFe = 100 - 49,09 = 50,91%
c) Theo pt: nHCl = 2nH2 = 0,8 mol
=> mHCl = 0,8 . 36,5 = 29,2g
=> \(m_{dd}\)HCl = 29,2 : 10% = 292g
d) mdd sau phản ứng = m A + mHCl = 11 + 292 = 303g
Theo pt: nAlCl3 = nAl = 0,2 mol => m AlCl3 = 26,7g
=> C%AlCl3 = \(\dfrac{26,7}{303}.100\%\) = 8,81%
tương tự nFeCl2 = 0,1 mol => C%FeCl2 = 4,19%
a.b.\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{1,95}{65}=0,03mol\)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
0,03 0,06 0,03 0,03 ( mol )
\(V_{H_2}=0,03.22,4=0,672l\)
\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,06.36,5}{7,3\%}=30g\)
c.Tên muối: Kẽm clorua
\(m_{ZnCl_2}=0,03.136=4,08g\)
\(m_{ddspứ}=30+1,95-0,03.2=31,89g\)
\(C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{4,08}{31,89}.100\%=12,79\%\)
Na2CO3 + 2HCl → 2NaCl + CO2 + H2O (1)
NaHCO3 + HCl → NaCl + CO2 + H2O (2)
\(n_{CO_2}=\frac{0,896}{22,4}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
a) Gọi x,y lần lượt là số mol của Na2CO3 và NaHCO3
Theo PT1,2 ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}106x+84y=3,8\\x+y=0,04\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,02\\y=0,02\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{Na_2CO_3}=0,02\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Na_2CO_3}=0,02\times106=2,12\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{NaHCO_3}=0,02\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{NaHCO_3}=0,02\times84=1,68\left(g\right)\)
\(\%m_{Na_2CO_3}=\frac{2,12}{3,8}\times100\%=55,79\%\)
\(\%m_{NaHCO_3}=100\%-55,79\%=44,21\%\)
b) Theo PT1: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{Na_2CO_3}=2\times0,02=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT2: \(n_{HCl}=n_{NaHCO_3}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{HCl}=0,04+0,02=0,06\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=0,06\times36,5=2,19\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\frac{2,19}{20\%}=10,95\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{ddHCl}=\frac{10,95}{1,1}=9,95\left(ml\right)\)
c) Theo PT1: \(n_{NaCl}=n_{HCl}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
Theo pT2: \(n_{NaCl}=n_{HCl}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{NaCl}=0,02+0,04=0,06\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{NaCl}=0,06\times58,5=3,51\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{M_{NaCl}}=\frac{0,06}{0,0095}=6,32\left(M\right)\)
\(m_{CO_2}=0,04\times44=1,76\left(g\right)\)
Ta có: \(m_{dd}saupư=3,8+10,95-1,76=12,99\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{NaCl}=\frac{3,51}{12,99}\times100\%=27,02\%\)