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Gọi $n_{Fe} = a(mol), n_{Zn} = b(mol) , n_{Al} = c(mol) \Rightarrow 56a + 65b + 27c = 20,4(1)$
$Fe + H_2SO_4 \to FeSO_4 + H_2$
$Zn + H_2SO_4 \to ZnSO_4 + H_2$
$2Al +3 H_2SO_4 \to Al_2(SO_4)_3 +3 H_2$
Theo PTHH : $n_{H_2} = a + b + 1,5c = \dfrac{10,08}{22,4} = 0,45(mol)(2)$
Mặt khác :
$2Fe + 3Cl_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2FeCl_3$
$Zn + Cl_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} ZnCl_2$
$2Al + 3Cl_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2AlCl_3$
Theo PTHH : $n_{Cl_2} = 1,5n_{Fe} + n_{Zn} + 1,5n_{Al}$
Suy ra : \dfrac{1,5a + b + 1,5c}{a + b + c} = \dfrac{0,275}{0,2}(3)$
Từ (1)(2)(3) suy ra : a = 0,2 ; b = 0,1 ; c = 0,1
$\%m_{Fe} = \dfrac{0,2.56}{20,4}.100\% = 54,9\%$
$\%m_{Zn} = \dfrac{0,1.65}{20,4}.100\% = 31,9\%$
$\%m_{Al} = 100\% - 54,9\% - 31,9\% = 13,2\%$
a) \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
b) Gọi x,y là số mol Al, Fe
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,448}{22,4}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có hệ : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+56y=0,83\\\dfrac{3}{2}x+y=0,02\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(x=\dfrac{29}{5700};y=\dfrac{47}{3800}\)
\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{\dfrac{27}{5700}.27}{0,83}.100=16,55\%\); \(\%m_{Fe}=100-16,55=83,45\%\)
c)Bảo toàn nguyên tố H: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(C\%_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,02.98}{200}.100=0,98\%\)
\(a.2Al+6HCl->2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Mg+2HCl->MgCl_2+H_2\\ b.n_{Al}=a,n_{Mg}=b\\ 27a+24b=7,5\left(I\right)\\ 1,5a+b=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35\left(II\right)\\ a=0,1;b=0,2\\ \%m_{Al}=\dfrac{27\cdot0,1}{7,5}\cdot100\%=36\%\\ \%m_{Mg}=64\%\\ c.m_{HCl}=36,5\left(0,1\cdot3+0,2\cdot2\right)=18,25g\\ d.m_{ddsau}=7,5+\dfrac{18,25}{14,6:100}-0,35\cdot2=131,8g\\ C\%\left(AlCl_3\right)=\dfrac{133,5\cdot0,1}{131,8}\cdot100\%=10,1\%\\ C\%\left(MgCl_2\right)=\dfrac{95\cdot0,2}{131,8}\cdot100\%=14,4\%\)
a, \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2
Mol: x 1,5x
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl → FeCl2 + H2
Mol: y y
b, Ta có hpt: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+56y=11\\1,5x+y=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2.27.100\%}{11}=49,09\%\Rightarrow\%m_{Fe}=100\%-49,09\%=50,91\%\)
c, \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{16}{80}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{0,2}{1}< \dfrac{0,4}{1}\) ⇒ CuO hết, H2 dư
PTHH: CuO + H2 → Cu + H2O
Mol: 0,2 0,2
\(m_{Cu}=0,2.64=12,8\left(g\right)\)
Gọi \(m_{Al}=a\left(g\right)\left(0< a< 11\right)\)
\(\rightarrow m_{Fe}=11-a\left(g\right)\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=\dfrac{a}{27}\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11-a}{56}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH:
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(\dfrac{a}{27}\) \(\dfrac{a}{18}\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
\(\dfrac{11-a}{56}\) \(\dfrac{11-a}{56}\)
\(\rightarrow pt:\dfrac{a}{18}+\dfrac{11-a}{56}=0,4\\ \Leftrightarrow m_{Al}=a=5,4\left(g\right)\left(TM\right)\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{11}=49,1\%\\\%m_{Fe}=100\%-49,1\%=50,9\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{16}{80}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)
LTL: \(0,2< 0,4\rightarrow\) H2 dư
\(n_{Cu}=n_{CuO}=0,2\left(mol\right)\rightarrow m_{CuO}=0,2.64=12,8\left(g\right)\)
Gọi số mol của Cu, Fe, Al trong 23,8 gam hhX lần lượt là x, y, z mol
→ mX = 64x + 56y + 27z = 23,8 (1)
nCl2nCl2 = x + 1,5y + 1,5z = 0,65 (2)
0,25 mol X + HCl → 0,2 mol H2 nên 0,2.(x + y + z) = 0,25.(y + 1,5z) (3)
Từ (1), (2), (3) => x = 0,2 mol; y = 0,1 mol; z = 0,2 mol
%Cu=0,2.6423,8≈53,78%%Cu=0,2.6423,8≈53,78%
%Fe=0,1.5623,8≈23,53%%Fe=0,1.5623,8≈23,53%
%Al ≈ 22,69%
Gọi số mol của Cu, Fe, Al trong 23,8 gam hhX lần lượt là x, y, z mol
→ mX = 64x + 56y + 27z = 23,8 (1)
nCl2nCl2 = x + 1,5y + 1,5z = 0,65 (2)
0,25 mol X + HCl → 0,2 mol H2 nên 0,2.(x + y + z) = 0,25.(y + 1,5z) (3)
Từ (1), (2), (3) => x = 0,2 mol; y = 0,1 mol; z = 0,2 mol
%Cu=0,2.6423,8≈53,78%%Cu=0,2.6423,8≈53,78%
%Fe=0,1.5623,8≈23,53%%Fe=0,1.5623,8≈23,53%
%Al ≈ 22,69%
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,1}=2\left(M\right)\)
\(n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Cu}=20-5,6=14,4\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{20}.100\%=28\%\\\%m_{Cu}=72\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(2Al+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Fe+2HCl\to FeCl_2+H_2\\ n_{HCl}=0,2.4=0,8(mol)\\ \Rightarrow \begin{cases} 56.n_{Fe}+27.n_{Al}=22\\ 2.n_{Fe}+3.n_{Al}=0,8 \end{cases}\Rightarrow \begin{cases} n_{Fe}=0,39(mol)\\ n_{Al}=0,007(mol) \end{cases}\\ \Rightarrow \begin{cases} \%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,39.56}{22}.100\%=99,27\%\\ \%m_{Al}=100\%-99,27\%=0,73\% \end{cases}\)