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\(n_{R_2O}=\dfrac{3,1}{2.M_R+16}\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: R2O + H2O --> 2ROH
__\(\dfrac{3,1}{2.M_R+16}\)----->\(\dfrac{3,1}{M_R+8}\)
=> \(\dfrac{3,1}{M_R+8}\left(M_R+17\right)=4=>M_R=23\left(Na\right)\)
CTHH của oxit là Na2O (natri oxit)
\(n_A=x\left(mol\right)\\ n_{A_2O}=y\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{hh}=xA+y\left(2A+16\right)=32.4\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow Ax+2Ay+16y=32.4\)
\(\Rightarrow A\left(x+2y\right)+16y=32.4\left(1\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{58.8}{98}=0.6\left(mol\right)\)
\(A+H_2O\rightarrow AOH+\dfrac{1}{2}H_2\)
\(A_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2AOH\)
\(n_{AOH}=x+2y\left(mol\right)\)
\(2AOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow A_2SO_4+H_2O\)
\(1.2..............0.6\)
\(\Rightarrow x+2y=1.2\left(2\right)\left(0\le y\le0.6\right)\)
\(\text{Thay}\left(2\right)\text{vào }\left(1\right):\)
\(1.2A+16y=32.4\)
\(\Rightarrow16y=32.4-1.2A\)
\(\Rightarrow y=\dfrac{32.4-1.2A}{16}\)
\(0\le y\le0.6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow0\le\dfrac{32.4-1.2A}{16}\le0.6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow19\le A\le27\)
\(A=23\)
\(A:Na.Oxit:Na_2O\)
Bài 1:
\(n_M=\dfrac{16}{M_M}\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2M + O2 --to--> 2MO
\(\dfrac{16}{M_M}\)---------->\(\dfrac{16}{M_M}\)
=> \(\dfrac{16}{M_M}\left(M_M+16\right)=20\)
=> MM = 64 (g/mol)
=> M là Cu
Bài 2:
\(n_R=\dfrac{16,2}{M_R}\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2R + 3Cl2 --to--> 2RCl3
\(\dfrac{16,2}{M_R}\)------------>\(\dfrac{16,2}{M_R}\)
=> \(\dfrac{16,2}{M_R}\left(M_R+106,5\right)=80,1\)
=> MR = 27 (g/mol)
=> R là Al
1
ADDDLBTKL ta có
\(m_{O_2}=m_{MO}-m_M\\
m_{O_2}=20-16=4g\\
n_{O_2}=\dfrac{4}{32}=0,125\left(mol\right)\\
pthh:2M+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2MO\)
0,25 0,125
\(M_M=\dfrac{16}{0,25}=64\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\)
=> M là Cu
2
ADĐLBTKL ta có
\(m_{Cl_2}=m_{RCl_3}-m_R\\
m_{Cl_2}=80,1-16,2=63,9g\\
n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{63,9}{71}=0,9\left(mol\right)\\
pthh:2R+3Cl_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2RCl_3\)
0,6 0,9
\(M_R=\dfrac{16,2}{0,6}=27\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\)
=> R là Al
Đặt a là hoá trị kim loại M cần tìm (a: nguyên, dương)
\(M_2O_a+aH_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2M+aH_2O\left(1\right)\\ 2M+2aHCl\rightarrow2MCl_a+aH_2\left(2\right)\\Ta.có:n_{H_2\left(2\right)}=\dfrac{1,008}{22,4}=0,045\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2\left(1\right)}=\dfrac{1,344}{22,4}=0,06\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{O\left(trong.oxit\right)}=n_{H_2O}=n_{H_2\left(1\right)}=0,06\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_M=3,48-0,06.16=2,52\left(g\right)\\ n_{H_2\left(2\right)}=0,045\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{M\left(2\right)}=\dfrac{0,045.2}{a}=\dfrac{0,09}{a}\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow M_M=\dfrac{2,52}{\dfrac{0,09}{a}}=28a\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\)
Xét các TH: a=1; a=2; a=3; a=8/3 thấy a=2 thoả mãn khi đó MM=56(g/mol), tức M là Sắt (Fe=56)
Đặt CTTQ của oxit sắt cần tìm là FemOn (m,n: nguyên, dương)
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{2,52}{56}=0,045\left(mol\right)\\n_O=0,06\left(mol\right)\)
=> m:n= 0,045:0,06=3:4
=>m=3;n=4
=> CTHH oxit: Fe3O4 (Sắt từ oxit)
-Em chỉ mới lập được phương trình hóa học tổng quát thôi, em chưa tính được.
\(a,n_{Al}=\dfrac{10,8}{27}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:2Al+3H_2SO_{4\left(loãng\right)}\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\uparrow\\ Theo.pt:n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,4=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ b,PTHH:RO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}R+H_2O\\ Mol:0,6\leftarrow0,6\rightarrow0,6\\ M_R=\dfrac{38,4}{0,6}=64\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\\ \Rightarrow R.là.Cu\)
a, PT: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\) (1)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\) (2)
\(2Cu+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2CuO\) (3)
\(CuO+2HCl\rightarrow CuCl_2+H_2O\) (4)
Gọi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=y\left(mol\right)\\n_{Cu}=z\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) ⇒ 24x + 27y + 64z = 1,384 (1)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,3584}{22,4}=0,016\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Mg}+\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=x+\dfrac{3}{2}y=0,016\left(2\right)\)
\(n_{HCl\left(\left(1\right)+\left(2\right)\right)}=2n_{H_2}=0,032\left(mol\right)=n_{HCl\left(4\right)}\) \(n_{Cu}=n_{CuO}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl\left(4\right)}=0,016=z\left(3\right)\)
Từ (1), (2) và (3) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,012\left(mol\right)\\y=\dfrac{1}{375}\left(mol\right)\\z=0,016\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=0,012.24=0,288\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=\dfrac{1}{375}.27=0,072\left(g\right)\\m_{Cu}=0,016.64=1,024\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, \(C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,032}{0,32}=0,1\left(M\right)\)
