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a.\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{V_{H_2}}{22,4}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4mol\)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=x\\n_{Zn}=y\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
x x ( mol )
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
y y ( mol )
Ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56x+65y=25,55\\x+y=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,05\\y=0,35\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,05.56=2,8g\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Zn}=0,35.65=22,75g\)
\(\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{2,8}{25,55}.100=10,95\%\)
\(\%m_{Zn}=100\%-10,95\%=89,05\%\)
b.\(n_{HCl}=2.0,05+2.0,35=0,8mol\)
\(C_M=\dfrac{n}{V}\Rightarrow V=\dfrac{n}{C_M}=\dfrac{0,8}{2}=0,4l\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35mol\)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=x\\n_{Zn}=y\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
x x ( mol )
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
y y ( mol )
Ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56x+65y=21,4\\x+y=0,35\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,15\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,15.56=8,4g\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Zn}=0,2.65=13g\)
\(\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{8,4}{21,4}.100=39,25\%\)
\(\%m_{Zn}=100\%-39,25\%=60,75\%\)
\(m_{FeCl_2}=0,15.127=19,05g\)
\(m_{ZnCl_2}=0,2.136=27,2g\)
a)
Gọi số mol Mg, Al là a, b (mol)
=> 24a + 27b = 26,25 (1)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{30,8}{22,4}=1,375\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
a-->2a--------->a------>a
2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
b---->3b------->b------>1,5b
=> a + 1,5b = 1,375 (2)
(1)(2) => a = 0,25 (mol); b = 0,75 (mol)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,25.24}{26,25}.100\%=22,857\%\\\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,75.27}{26,25}.100\%=77,143\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b)
nHCl = 2a + 3b = 2,75 (mol)
=> mHCl = 2,75.36,5 = 100,375 (g)
=> \(m_{dd.HCl}=\dfrac{100,375.100}{10}=1003,75\left(g\right)\)
c)
mdd sau pư = 1003,75 + 26,25 - 1,375.2 = 1027,25 (g)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,25.95}{1027,25}.100\%=2,312\%\\C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,75.133,5}{1027,25}.100\%=9,747\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Fe\\Al\end{matrix}\right.+HCl->\left\{{}\begin{matrix}FeCl2\\AlCl3\end{matrix}\right.+H2\)
Ta có số mol Fe là x , Al là y (mol)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56x+27y=11\\127x+133,5y=39,4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%mFe=\dfrac{0,1.56}{11}=50,9\%\\\%mAl=\dfrac{0,2.27}{11}=49,09\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bảo toàn e :
\(2.nH2=2.nFe+3.nAl\Rightarrow nH2=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(V=0,4.22,4=8,96\left(l\right)\)
\(nFe=nFeCl2=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(nAl=nAlCl3=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow nHCl\left(pứ\right)=2.0,1+3.0,2=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
\(Cm=\dfrac{n}{V}=\dfrac{0,8}{0,2}=4\left(M\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3mol\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Zn}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow24x+65y=11,3\left(1\right)\)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y=0,3\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2mol\\y=0,1mol\end{matrix}\right.\)
a)\(\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot24}{11,3}\cdot100\%=42,48\%\)
\(\%m_{Zn}=100\%-42,48\%=57,52\%\)
b)\(n_{HCl}=2\left(n_{Mg}+n_{Zn}\right)=2\cdot\left(0,2+0,1\right)=0,6mol\)
\(C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,6}{0,2}=3M\)
a)
Gọi $n_{Zn} = a(mol) ; n_{Al} = b(mol) \Rightarrow 65a + 27b = 11,9(1)$
$Zn + 2HCl \to ZnCl_2 + H_2$
$2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2$
Theo PTHH :
$n_{H_2} = a + 1,5b = \dfrac{8,96}{22,4} = 0,4(2)$
Từ (1)(2) suy ra : a = 0,1; b = 0,2
$m_{Zn} = 0,1.65 = 6,5(gam)$
$m_{Al} = 0,2.27 = 5,4(gam)$
b) $n_{HCl} = 2n_{H_2} = 0,8(mol)$
$C\%_{HCl} = \dfrac{0,8.36,5}{125}.100\% = 23,36\%$
Câu 1:
Gọi số mol Al là x; Zn là y
\(\rightarrow27x+65y=18,4\)
\(Al+3HCl\rightarrow AlCl_3+\frac{3}{2}H_2\)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
\(\rightarrow n_{H2}=1,5n_{Al}+n_{Zn}=1,5x+y=\frac{1}{2}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
Giải được: \(x=y=0,2\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Al}=27x=5,4\left(g\right)\Rightarrow\%m_{Al}=\frac{5,4}{18,4}=29,3\%\Rightarrow\%m_{Zn}=70,7\%\)Câu 2:
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
\(FeO+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
Ta có: \(n_{H2}=n_{Fe}=\frac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Muối thu được là FeCl2
\(\rightarrow n_{FeCl2}=\frac{38,1}{56+35,5.2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có: \(n_{FeCl2}=n_{Fe}+n_{FeO}\rightarrow n_{FeO}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6\left(g\right);m_{FeO}=0,2.\left(56+16\right)=14,4\left(g\right)\)
Câu 3 :
Cu không tác dụng với HCl, chỉ có Zn phản ứng.
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
Ta có: \(n_{H2}=\frac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Theo phản ứng: \(n_{Zn}=n_{H2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\rightarrow m_{Zn}=0,2.65=13\left(g\right)\)
\(\rightarrow\%m_{Zn}=\frac{13}{20}=65\%\rightarrow\%m_{Cu}=35\%\)
Ta có: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H2}=0,2.2=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{HCl}=\frac{0,4}{2}=0,2\left(l\right)\)
Câu 4:
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
\(Al+3HCl\rightarrow AlCl_3+\frac{3}{2}H_2\)
Gọi số mol Fe là x; Al là y
\(\rightarrow56x+27y=22\)
Ta có: \(n_{H2}=n_{Fe}=1,5n_{Al}=x+1,5y=\frac{17,92}{22,4}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
Giải được: \(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\rightarrow\%m_{Fe}=\frac{11,2}{22}=50,9\%\rightarrow\%m_{Al}=49,1\%\)
Ta có: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H2}=1,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(\rightarrow m_{HCl}=1,6.36,5=58,4\left(g\right)\)
\(\rightarrow m_{dd_{HCl}}=\frac{58,4}{7,3\%}=800\left(g\right)\)
Câu 5:
Gọi chung 2 kim loại là R hóa trị I
\(R+HCl\rightarrow RCl+\frac{1}{2}H_2\)
Ta có: \(n_{H2}=\frac{0,448}{22,4}=0,02\left(mol\right)\rightarrow n_{RCl}=2n_{H2}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
\(\rightarrow m_{RCl}=0,04.\left(R+35,5\right)=2,58\rightarrow R=29\)
Vì 2 kim loại liên tiếp nhau \(\rightarrow\) 2 kim loại là Na x mol và K y mol
\(\rightarrow x+y=n_{RCl}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{hh}=m_R=23x+39y=0,04.29=1,16\left(g\right)\)
Giải được: \(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,025\\y=0,015\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow m_{Na}=0,575\left(g\right)\)
\(\rightarrow\%m_{Na}=\frac{0,575}{1,16}=49,57\%\rightarrow\%m_K=50,43\%\)
Câu 6:
Khối lượng mỗi phần là 35/2=17,5g
Gọi số mol Fe, Cu, Al là a, b, c
Ta có \(56a+64b=27c=17,5\)
Phần 1: \(n_{H2}=\frac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(\Rightarrow a=1,5b=n_{H2}=0,3\)
Phần 2: \(n_{Cl2}=\frac{10,64}{22,4}=0,475\left(mol\right)\)
\(2Fe+3Cl_2\rightarrow2FeCl_3\)
\(Cu+Cl_2\rightarrow CuCl_2\)
\(2Al+3Cl_2\rightarrow2AlCl_3\)
\(\Rightarrow1,5a+b+1,5c=n_{Cl2}=0,465\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,15\\b=0,1\\c=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow\%m_{Fe}=\frac{0,15.56}{17,5}=48\%\)
\(\rightarrow\%m_{Cu}=\frac{0,1.64}{17,5}=36,57\%\)
\(\rightarrow\%m_{Al}=100\%-48\%-36,57\%=15,43\%\)
Câu 1
2Al+6HCl--->2Alcl3+3H2
x-----------------------1,5x
Zn+2HCl---->Zncl2+H2
y---------------------------y
n H2=1/2=0,5(mol)
Theo bài ta có hpt
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+65y=18,4\\1,5x+y=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
%m Al=0,2.27/18,4.100%=29,35%
%m Zn=100%-29,35=70,65%
Câu 2.
Fe+2HCl---->FeCl2+H2
FeO+2HCl--->FeCl2+H2
n H2=2,24/22,4=0,1(mol)
m H2=0,2(g)
n Fe=n H2=0,2(mol)
m Fe=0,2.56=11,2(g)
n FeCl2(1)=2n H2=0,2(mol)
m FeCl2(1)=0,2.127=25,4(g)
m FeCl2(PT2)=38,1-25,4=12,7(g)
n FeCl2=12,7/127=0,1(mol)
n FeO=n FeCl2=0,1(mol)
m FeO=0,1.72=7,2(g)
3.
Zn+2HCl--->ZnCl2+H2
n H2=4,48/22,4=0,2(mol)
n Zn=n H2=0,2(mol)
m Zn=0,2.56=11,2(g)
%m Zn=11,2/20.100%=56%
%m Cu=100-56=34%
b) n HCl=2n H2=0,4(mol)
V H2=0,4/2=0,2(l)
4.
a) Fe+2HCl---.FeCl2+H2
x-----------------------------x(mol)
2Al+6HCl--->AlCl3+3H2
y------------------------------1,5y
n H2=17,92/22,4=0,89mol)
Theo bài ta có hpt
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56x+27y=22\\x+1,5y=0,8\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\)
%m Fe=0,2.56/22.100%=50,9%
%m Al=100-50,9=49,1%
b) n HCl=2n H2=1,6(mol)
m HCl=1,6.36,5=58,4(g)
m dd HCl=58,4.100/7,3=800(g)
