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a) Ta có \(m_{muôi}=m_{KL}+m_{Cl^-}\\ \Leftrightarrow m_{Cl^-}=m_{muôi}-m_{KL}=14,25-3,6=10,65g\\ \Rightarrow n_{Cl^-}=\dfrac{10,65}{35,5}=0,3mol\)
Theo bảo toàn nguyên tố Cl: \(n_{HCl}=n_{Cl^-}=0,3mol\)
Theo bảo toàn nguyên tố H: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot n_{HCl}=\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot0,3=0,15mol\\ \Rightarrow V=0,15\cdot22,4=3,36l\)
Ta có PTHH: \(M+2HCl\rightarrow MCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
----------------0,15-------------------------0,15---(mol)
\(\Rightarrow M=\dfrac{3,6}{0,15}=24\)(g/mol) => M là Magie (Mg)
b) \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{16}{80}=0,2mol\)
Ta có quá trình phản ứng:
\(CuO+H_2\rightarrow Cu+H_2O\)
-0,15---0,15-----0,15----------(mol)
\(\Rightarrow a=m_{CuO\left(dư\right)}+m_{Cu}=\left(16-0,15\cdot80\right)+64\cdot0,15=13,6g\)
a) Gọi kim loại cần tìm là R
\(n_R=\dfrac{7,56}{M_R}\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2R + 2nHCl --> 2RCln + nH2
\(\dfrac{7,56}{M_R}\)------------>\(\dfrac{7,56}{M_R}\)
=> \(M_{RCl_n}=M_R+35,5n=\dfrac{37,38}{\dfrac{7,56}{M_R}}\)
=> \(M_R=9n\left(g/mol\right)\)
Xét n = 1 => MR = 9(Loại)
Xét n = 2 => MR = 18 (Loại)
Xét n = 3 => MR = 27(g/mol) => R là Al (Nhôm)
b)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{7,56}{27}=0,28\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0,28-->0,84--->0,28--->0,42
=> \(V_{H_2}=0,42.22,4=9,408\left(l\right)\)
\(m_{HCl}=0,84.36,5=30,66\left(g\right)\)
=> \(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{30,66.100}{12}=255,5\left(g\right)\)
c) mdd sau pư = 7,56 + 255,5 - 0,42.2 = 262,22 (g)
=> \(C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{37,38}{262,22}.100\%=14,255\%\)
\(Đặt.2.muối:ACO_3,B_2CO_3\\ n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{0,672}{22,4}=0,03\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:ACO_3+2HCl\rightarrow ACl_2+CO_2+H_2O\\ B_2CO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2BCl+CO_2+H_2O\\ n_{CO^{2-}_3}=n_{muối.cacbonat}=n_{CO_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Cl^-}=2.0,3=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ m_{muối.khan}=m_{muối.cacbonat}+\left(m_{Cl^-}-m_{CO^{2-}_3}\right)=10+\left(35,5.0,6-60.0,3\right)=13,3\left(g\right)\)
Coi hai nguyên tố là R \(\Rightarrow\overline{M}=M_R\)
a, PTHH:
\(2R+2H_2O\rightarrow2ROH+H_2\uparrow\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_R=2n_{H_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Khi đó \(\overline{M}=M_R=\dfrac{9,3}{0,3}=31\left(g/mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\) Hai nguyên tố lần lượt là Na, K
b, PTHH:
\(2ROH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow R_2SO_4+2H_2O\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{ROH}=n_{H_2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{n_{H_2SO_4}}{C_M}=\dfrac{0,15}{2}=0,075\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{R_2SO_4}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{R_2SO_4}=0,15.\left(31.2+32+16.4\right)=23,7\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1,12}{22,4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ KL:M\\ M+2HCl\rightarrow MCl_2+H_2\\ n_{MCl_2}=n_M=n_{H_2}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ M_{MCl_2}=\dfrac{4,75}{0,05}=95\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\\ M\text{à}:M_{MCl_2}=M_M+71\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\\ \Rightarrow M_M+71=95\\ \Leftrightarrow M_M=24\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\\ \Rightarrow M\left(II\right):Magie\left(Mg=24\right)\\ a=24.0,05=1,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\text{Đ}\text{ặt}:A\\ A+HCl\rightarrow ACl+H_2\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ n_A=n_{ACl_2}=2.n_{H_2}=0,1.2=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ M_{ACl}=\dfrac{11,7}{0,2}=58,5\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\\ M\text{à}:M_{ACl}=M_A+35,5\\ \Rightarrow M_A=23\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\\ \Rightarrow A:Natri\left(Na\right)\\ a=23.0,2=4,6\left(g\right)\)
nH2=2,24/22,4=0,1(mol)
2M+2HCl→2MCl+H2
0,2 ← 0,2 ← 0,1
Có 0,2 .(M+35,5)=11,7(gam)
⇒ M=23 ⇒M là Na
mNa=23. 0,2= 4,6 (gam)
\(n_A=\dfrac{7}{M_A}\left(mol\right)\)
TH1: A hóa trị I
PTHH: 2A + 2HCl --> 2ACl + H2
____\(\dfrac{7}{M_A}\)-------------->\(\dfrac{7}{M_A}\)
=> \(\dfrac{7}{M_A}\left(M_A+35,5\right)=15,875=>M_A=28\left(g/mol\right)=>L\)
TH2: A hóa trị II
PTHH: A + 2HCl --> ACl2 + H2
_____\(\dfrac{7}{M_A}\)--------->\(\dfrac{7}{M_A}\)
=> \(\dfrac{7}{M_A}\left(M_A+71\right)=15,875=>M_A=56\left(Fe\right)\)
TH3: A hóa trị III
PTHH: 2A + 6HCl --> 2ACl3 + 3H2
_____\(\dfrac{7}{M_A}\)------------>\(\dfrac{7}{M_A}\)
=> \(\dfrac{7}{M_A}\left(M_A+106,5\right)=15,875=>M_A=84\left(L\right)\)