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\(a,n_{H_2}=\dfrac{9,916}{24,79}=0,4mol\\ n_{Al}=a;n_{Mg}=b\\ 2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
a 1,5a 1,5a
\(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)
b b b
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+24b=7,8\\1,5a+b=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow a=0,2;b=0,1\\ \%m_{Al}=\dfrac{27.0,2}{7,8}\cdot100=69,23\%\\ \%m_{Mg}=100-69,23=30,77\%\\ b,n_{H_2SO_4,pư}=0,2.1,5+0,1=0,4mol\\ n_{H_2SO_4,lấy}=0,4+0,4.20\%=0,48mol\\ V_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,48}{2}=0,24l\)
Ta có: 27nAl + 56nFe = 11 (1)
\(n_{SO_2}=0,45\left(mol\right)\)
BT e, có: \(3n_{Al}+3n_{Fe}=2n_{SO_2}=0,9\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2.27}{11}.100\%\approx49,09\%\\\%m_{Fe}\approx50,91\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Gọi số mol Al và Fe lần lượt là a;b
$\Rightarrow 27a+56b=8,3$
Bảo toàn e ta có: $3a+3b=0,6$
Giải hệ ta được $a=b=0,1$
$\Rightarrow m_{Al}=2,7(g);m_{Fe}=5,6(g)$
\(n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right),n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\)
\(m=27a+56b=8.3\left(g\right)\left(1\right)\)
\(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{6.72}{22.4}=0.3\left(mol\right)\)
\(BTe:\)
\(3a+3b=0.3\cdot2=0.6\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right):a=b=0.1\)
\(m_{Al}=0.1\cdot27=2.7\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Fe}=5.6\left(g\right)\)
\(Đặt:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Cu}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ Fe\rightarrow Fe^{3+}+3e\\ Cu\rightarrow Cu^{2+}+2e\\ 4H^++NO_3^-+3e\rightarrow NO+2H_2O\\ Bảotoàne:3x+2y=0,4.3\\ Tacó:56x+64y=30,4\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=36,84\%\\\%m_{Cu}=63,16\%\end{matrix}\right.\\ n_{HNO_3}=4n_{NO}=0,4.4=1,6\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{HNO_3}=\dfrac{1,6}{1}=1,6\left(l\right)\\ m_{muối}=m_{Fe\left(NO_3\right)_3}+m_{Cu\left(NO_3\right)_2}=0,2.242+0,3.188=104,8\left(g\right)\)
\(Đặt:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+27y=10,2\\x+1,5y=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,2.24}{10,2}.100=47,06\%\\ \%m_{Al}=52,94\%\\ n_{HCl}=2n_{Mg}+3n_{Al}=0,2.2+0,3.2=1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{HCl}=\dfrac{1}{2}=0,5\left(l\right)\)