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![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(a,\) Đặt hóa trị của M là \(x(x>0)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,672}{22,4}=0,03(mol)\\ PTHH:2M+2xHCl\to 2MCl_x+xH_2\\ \Rightarrow n_{M}=\dfrac{0,03}{x}.2=\dfrac{0,06}{x}(mol)\\ \Rightarrow M_M=\dfrac{0,72}{\dfrac{0,06}{x}}=12x\)
Thay \(x=2\Rightarrow M_M=24(g/mol)\)
Vậy M là magie (Mg)
\(b,n_{HCl}=0,5.0,2=0,1(mol)\)
Vì \(\dfrac{n_{HCl}}{2}>\dfrac{n_{H_2}}{1}\) nên \(HCl\) dư
\(\Rightarrow n_{MgCl_2}=n_{H_2}=0,03(mol)\\ \Rightarrow C_{M_{MgCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,03}{0,2}=0,15M\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(a.BTNT\left(H\right):n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,65\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow CM_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,65}{0,5}=1,3M\\ b.2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ Đặt:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{3}{2}x+y=0,325\\27x+56y=9,65\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,15\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=4,05\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=5,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
1) Ptpư:
2Al + 6HCl \(\rightarrow\) 2AlCl3 + 3H2
Fe + 2HCl \(\rightarrow\) FeCl2 + H2
Cu + HCl \(\rightarrow\) không phản ứng
=> 0,6 gam chất rắn còn lại chính là Cu:
Gọi x, y lần lượt là số mol Al, Fe
Ta có:
3x + 2y = 2.0,06 = 0,12
27x + 56 y = 2,25 – 0,6 = 1,65
=> x = 0,03 (mol) ; y = 0,015 (mol)
=> \(\%Cu=\frac{0,6}{2,25}.100\%=26,67\%\); \(\%Fe=\frac{56.0,015}{2,25}.100\%=37,33\%\); %Al = 36%
2) \(n_{SO_2}=\frac{1,344}{22,4}=0,06mol\); m (dd KOH) = 13,95.1,147 = 16 (gam)
=> mKOH = 0,28.16 = 4,48 (gam)=> nKOH = 0,08 (mol)=> \(1<\)\(\frac{n_{KOH}}{n_{SO_2}}<2\)
=> tạo ra hỗn hợp 2 muối: KHSO3: 0,04 (mol) và K2SO3: 0,02 (mol)
Khối lượng dung dịch sau pu = 16 + 0,06.64 = 19,84 gam
=> \(C\%\left(KHSO_3\right)=\frac{0,04.120}{19,84}.100\%\)\(=24,19\%\)
\(C\%\left(K_2SO_3\right)=\frac{0,02.158}{19,84}.100\%\)\(=15,93\%\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Gọi kim loại cần tìm là A
a) PTHH: \(A+H_2O\rightarrow AOH+\dfrac{1}{2}H_2\uparrow\)
\(AOH+HCl\rightarrow ACl+H_2O\)
b) Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow n_A=0,2mol\)
\(\Rightarrow M_A=\dfrac{7,8}{0,2}=39\) \(\Rightarrow\) Kim loại cần tìm là Kali
b) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{KCl}=0,2mol\\n_{HCl\left(pư\right)}=0,2mol\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,2\cdot20\%=0,04\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{KCl}=0,2\cdot74,5=14,9\left(g\right)\\m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,04\cdot36,5=1,46\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{H_2}=2\cdot0,1=0,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd}=m_K+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2}=7,8+\dfrac{0,24\cdot36,5}{10\%}-0,2=95,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{KCl}=\dfrac{14,9}{95,2}\cdot100\%\approx15,65\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{1,46}{95,2}\cdot100\%\approx1,53\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
PTHH: R + 2HCl ---> RCl2 + H2 (1)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{100}{1000}.5=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
Ta thấy: \(\dfrac{0,2}{1}< \dfrac{0,5}{2}\)
Vậy HCl dư.
Theo PT(1): \(n_R=n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(M_R=\dfrac{4,8}{0,2}=24\left(g\right)\)
Vậy R là magie (Mg)
PT: Mg + 2HCl ---> MgCl2 + H2 (2)
Ta có: \(m_{dd_{MgCl_2}}=4,8+\dfrac{100}{1000}-0,2.2=4,5\left(lít\right)\)
Theo PT(2): \(n_{MgCl_2}=n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(C_{M_{MgCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,2}{4,5}=\dfrac{2}{45}M\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(2Al+6HCl->2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Fe+2HCl->FeCl_2+H_2\\ n_{Al}=a;n_{Fe}=b\\ 27a+56b=8,3\\ 1,5a+b=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\\ a=b=0,1\\ m_{Al}=27\cdot0,1=2,7g\\ m_{Fe}=8,3-2,7=5,6g\\ a=\dfrac{3a+2b}{500}\cdot36,5=3,65\%\\ m_{ddsau}=508,3-0,25\cdot2=507,8g\\ C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{133,5a}{507,8}=2,63\%\\ C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{127b}{507,8}=2,50\%\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(a,n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15(mol)\\ PTHH:M_2CO_3+2HCl\to 2MCl+H_2O+CO_2\uparrow\\ \Rightarrow n_{M_2CO_3}=n_{CO_2}=0,15(mol)\\ \Rightarrow M_{M_2CO_3}=\dfrac{15,9}{0,15}=106(g/mol)\\ \Rightarrow M_{M}=\dfrac{106-12-16.3}{2}=23(g/mol)\)
Vậy M là natri (Na)
\(b,n_{HCl}=2n_{CO_2}=0,3(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,75}=0,4(l)\\ X:NaCl\\ n_{NaCl}=n_{HCl}=0,3(mol)\\ \Rightarrow C_{M_{NaCl}}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,4}=0,75M\)
\(a,PTHH:X+2HCl\to XCl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow n_{X}=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15(mol)\\ \Rightarrow M_X=\dfrac{9,75}{0,15}=65(g/mol)(Zn)\\ b,n_{HCl}=2.0,2=0,4(mol)\)
Vì \(\dfrac{n_{H_2}}{1}<\dfrac{n_{HCl}}{2}\) nên \(HCl\) dư
\(\Rightarrow n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{H_2}=0,15(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{ZnCl_2}=136.0,15=20,4(g)\\ C_{M_{ZnCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,15}{0,2}=0,75M\)
thank bạn nhiều nha