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1)Giả sử (x;y) là cặp số nguyên dương cần tìm. Khi đó ta có:
(xy-1) chia hết (x3+x) => (xy-1) chia hết x(x2+1) (1)
Do (x; xy-1) =1 ( Thật vậy: gọi (x;xy-1) =d => d chia hết x => d chia hết xy => d chia hết 1).
Nên từ (1) ta có:
(xy-1) chia hết (x2+1)
=> (xy-1) chia hết (x2+1+xy -1) => (xy-1) chia hết (x2+xy) => (xy-1) chia hết x(x+y) => (xy-1) chia hết (x+y)
Điều đó có nghĩa là tồn tại z \(\in\) N* sao cho:
x+y = z(xy-1) <=> x+y+z =xyz (2)
Do vai trò bình đẳng nên ta giả sử: x \(\ge\) y \(\ge\) z.
Từ (2) ta có: x+y+z \(\le\) 3x => 3x \(\ge\) xyz => 3 \(\ge\) yz \(\ge\) z2 => z=1
=> 3 \(\ge\) y => y \(\in\) {1;2;3}
Nếu y=1: x+2 =x (loại)
Nếu y=2: (2) trở thành x+3 =2x => x=3
Nếu y=3: x+4 = 3x => x=2 (loại vì ta có x\(\ge\)y)
Vậy khi x \(\ge\) y \(\ge\) z thì (2) có 1 nghiệm (x;y;z) là (3;2;1)
2)\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{12x^2-12x+7}+\sqrt{8x^2-8x+3}=-4x^2+4x+2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{12x^2-12x+7}+\sqrt{8x^2-8x+3}+4x^2-4x-2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{1}{2}\)
Lời giải:
ĐKXĐ:............
PT \(\Leftrightarrow 2x^2+14x-2x\sqrt{x^2+8x}+8x-14\sqrt{x^2+8x}+24=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x^2+8x)+(x^2+14x+49)-2(x+7)\sqrt{x^2+8x}-25=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x^2+8x)+(x+7)^2-2(x+7)\sqrt{x^2+8x}-25=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (\sqrt{x^2+8x}-x-7)^2-25=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (\sqrt{x^2+8x}-x-12)(\sqrt{x^2+8x}-x-2)=0\)
Nếu \(\sqrt{x^2+8x}-x-12=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{x^2+8x}=x+12\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} x+12\geq 0\\ x^2+8x=(x+12)^2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow x=-9\) (thỏa mãn)
Nếu \(\sqrt{x^2+8x}-x-2=0\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{x^2+8x}=x+2\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} x+2\geq 0\\ x^2+8x=(x+2)^2\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow x=1\) (thỏa mãn)
Vậy.........
Bài 1:
ĐK:...........
PT\((1)\Rightarrow x+y+2\sqrt{(x+y)(x-y)}+x-y=16\) (bình phương 2 vế)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+\sqrt{x^2-y^2}=8\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{x^2-y^2}=8-x\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} 8-x\geq 0\\ x^2-y^2=(8-x)^2=x^2-16x+64\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} x\leq 8\\ y^2=16x-64\end{matrix}\right.\)
Thay vào PT(2) ta có:
\(x^2+16x-64=128\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+16x-192=0\Rightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} x=8\\ x=-24\end{matrix}\right.\)
Nếu \(x=8\Rightarrow y^2=16x-64=64\Rightarrow y=\pm 8\) (thỏa mãn)
Nếu $x=-24\Rightarrow y^2=16x-64< 0$ (vô lý-loại)
Vậy $(x,y)=(8,\pm 8)$
Bài 2:
Ta thấy:
\(x^2-4x+11=(x^2-4x+4)+7=(x-2)^2+7\geq 0, \forall x\)
\(x^4-8x^2+21=(x^4-8x^2+16)+5=(x^2-4)^2+5\geq 5, \forall x\)
Do đó:
\((x^2-4x+11)(x^4-8x^2+21)\geq 7.5=35\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \((x-2)^2=(x^2-4)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=2\)
Vậy.......
=>-(x+3)^2*(x-4)(x+12)=x^2-48x+576
=>-(x^2+6x+9)(x^2+8x-48)=x^2-48x+576
=>-x^4-14x^3-9x^2+216x+432=x^2-48x+576
=>x^4+14x^3+10x^2-264x+144=0
=>(x^2+4x-24)(x^2+10x-6)=0
=>\(x\in\left\{-5+\sqrt{31};-5-\sqrt{31};-2+2\sqrt{7};-2-2\sqrt{7}\right\}\)
a:
ĐKXĐ: y+1>=0
=>y>=-1
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2\left(x^2-2x\right)+\sqrt{y+1}=0\\3\left(x^2-2x\right)-2\sqrt{y+1}+7=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2\left(x^2-2x\right)+\sqrt{y+1}=0\\3\left(x^2-2x\right)-2\sqrt{y+1}=-7\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4\left(x^2-2x\right)+2\sqrt{y+1}=0\\3\left(x^2-2x\right)-2\sqrt{y+1}=-7\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}7\left(x^2-2x\right)=-7\\3\left(x^2-2x\right)-2\sqrt{y+1}=-7\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2-2x=-1\\3\cdot\left(-1\right)-2\sqrt{y+1}=-7\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2-2x+1=0\\2\sqrt{y+1}=-3+7=4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-1\right)^2=0\\\sqrt{y+1}=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1=0\\y+1=4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=3\left(nhận\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5\left|x-1\right|-3\left|y+2\right|=7\\2\sqrt{4x^2-8x+4}+5\sqrt{y^2+4y+4}=13\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5\left|x-1\right|-3\left|y+2\right|=7\\2\cdot\sqrt{\left(2x-2\right)^2}+5\cdot\sqrt{\left(y+2\right)^2}=13\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5\left|x-1\right|-3\left|y+2\right|=7\\4\left|x-1\right|+5\left|y+2\right|=13\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}20\left|x-1\right|-12\left|y+2\right|=28\\20\left|x-1\right|+25\left|y+2\right|=65\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-37\left|y+2\right|=-37\\4\left|x-1\right|+5\left|y+2\right|=13\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left|y+2\right|=1\\4\left|x-1\right|=13-5=8\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left|y+2\right|=1\\\left|x-1\right|=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1\in\left\{2;-2\right\}\\y+2\in\left\{1;-1\right\}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\in\left\{3;-1\right\}\\y\in\left\{-1;-3\right\}\end{matrix}\right.\)
c: ĐKXĐ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x< >-1\\y< >-4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{3x}{x+1}-\dfrac{2}{y+4}=4\\\dfrac{2x}{x+1}-\dfrac{5}{y+4}=9\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{3x+3-3}{x+1}-\dfrac{2}{y+4}=4\\\dfrac{2x+2-2}{x+1}-\dfrac{5}{y+4}=9\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3-\dfrac{3}{x+1}-\dfrac{2}{y+4}=4\\2-\dfrac{2}{x+1}-\dfrac{5}{y+4}=9\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{3}{x+1}+\dfrac{2}{y+4}=3-4=-1\\\dfrac{2}{x+1}+\dfrac{5}{y+4}=2-9=-7\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{6}{x+1}+\dfrac{4}{y+4}=-2\\\dfrac{6}{x+1}+\dfrac{15}{y+4}=-21\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{-11}{y+4}=19\\\dfrac{3}{x+1}+\dfrac{2}{y+4}=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y+4=-\dfrac{11}{19}\\\dfrac{3}{x+1}+2:\dfrac{-11}{19}=-1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-\dfrac{11}{19}-4=-\dfrac{87}{19}\\\dfrac{3}{x+1}=-1-2:\dfrac{-11}{19}=-1+2\cdot\dfrac{19}{11}=\dfrac{27}{11}\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-\dfrac{87}{19}\\x+1=\dfrac{11}{9}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-\dfrac{87}{19}\\x=\dfrac{2}{9}\end{matrix}\right.\)(nhận)
d:
ĐKXĐ: x<>1 và y<>-2
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x+1}{x-1}+\dfrac{3y}{y+2}=7\\\dfrac{2}{x-1}-\dfrac{5}{y+2}=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x-1+2}{x-1}+\dfrac{3y+6-6}{y+2}=7\\\dfrac{2}{x-1}-\dfrac{5}{y+2}=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1+\dfrac{2}{x-1}+3-\dfrac{6}{y+2}=7\\\dfrac{2}{x-1}-\dfrac{5}{y+2}=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{2}{x-1}-\dfrac{6}{y+2}=7-4=3\\\dfrac{2}{x-1}-\dfrac{5}{y+2}=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-\dfrac{1}{y+2}=-1\\\dfrac{2}{x-1}-\dfrac{5}{y+2}=4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y+2=1\\\dfrac{2}{x-1}-5=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-1\\\dfrac{2}{x-1}=9\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-1\\x-1=\dfrac{2}{9}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-1\\x=\dfrac{11}{9}\end{matrix}\right.\left(nhận\right)\)
Kiểm tra lại đề câu a, \(...+24\) thì pt vô nghiệm, phải là \(...-24\) mới có lý
b/ \(x^2-\left(y+1\right)x+y^2-y-2=0\) (1)
\(\Delta=\left(y+1\right)^2-4\left(y^2-y-2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-3y^2+6y+9\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-1\le y\le3\Rightarrow y=\left\{-1;0;1;2;3\right\}\)
Thay lần lượt vào pt ban đầu để tìm x nguyên
ĐKXĐ: ...
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+\left(x^2+8x\right)+\left(14-2\sqrt{x^2+8x}\right)x-14\sqrt{x^2+8x}+24=0\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{x^2+8x}=a\ge0\) pt trở thành:
\(x^2+a^2+\left(14-2x\right)x-14a+24=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2ax+a^2+14\left(x-a\right)+24=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-a\right)^2+14\left(x-a\right)+24=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-a+2\right)\left(x-a+12\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=x+2\\a=x+12\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^2+8x}=x+2\left(x\ge-2\right)\\\sqrt{x^2+8x}=x+12\left(x\ge-12\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2+8x=x^2+4x+4\\x^2+8x=x^2+24x+144\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=-9\end{matrix}\right.\)