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\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,336}{22,4}=0,015mol\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=2\cdot0,015=0,03mol\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{Cl^-}=0,03mol\Rightarrow m_{Cl^-}=1,065g\)
\(m_{CRắn}=m_{kl}+m_{Cl^-}=1,065+1,5=2,565g\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=a\\n_{Fe}=b\end{matrix}\right.\) => 24a + 56b = 20
PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
______a------------------>a------>a__________(mol)
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
_b----------------->b----->b__________________(mol)
=> a+b = 0,5
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,25\\b=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\) => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{MgCl_2}=0,25.95=23,75\left(g\right)\\m_{FeCl_2}=0,25.127=31,75\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) => m muối = 55,5(g)
mO2 = 31,03% . 27,84 = 8,64 (g)
nO2 = 0,135 (mol)
nH2 = 2,24/22,4 = 0,1 (mol)
PTHH:
Al2O3 + 3H2SO4 -> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2O (1)
2Al + 3H2SO4 -> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2 (2)
Mg + H2SO4 -> MgSO4 + H2 (3)
Theo PTHH (1): nH2O = nH2SO4 = nO = 0,135 (mol)
Theo PTHH (2)(3): nH2 = nH2SO4 = 0,1 (mol)
mH2SO4 = (0,1 + 0,135) . 98 = 5,264 (g)
mH2O = 0,135 . 18 = 2,43 (g)
mH2 = 0,1 . 2 = 0,2 (g)
Áp dụng ĐLBTKL, ta có:
mAl + mMg + mAl2O3 + mH2SO4 = m(muối) + mH2 + mH2O
=> m(muối) = 27,84 + 5,264 - 0,2 - 2,43 = 30,474 (g)
Câu 1 :\(n_{CO_2} = \dfrac{2,688}{22,4} = 0,12(mol)\)
MgCO3 + 2HCl \(\to\) MgCl2 + CO2 + H2O
..................................0,12........0,12..................(mol)
Suy ra: a = 0,12.95 = 11,4(gam)
Câu 2 :
\(Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2\\ n_{Fe} = n_{H_2} = \dfrac{3,36}{22,4} = 0,15(mol)\\ \Rightarrow n_{Cu} = 2n_{Fe} = 0,15.2 = 0,3(mol)\\ 2Fe+3Cl_2\xrightarrow{t^o} 2FeCl_3\\ Cu+Cl_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} CuCl_2\\ n_{Cl_2} = \dfrac{3}{2}n_{Fe} + n_{Cu} = 0,525\\ \Rightarrow V = 0,525.22,4 =11,76(lít)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{HCl}=2.n_{H_2}=2.0,4=0,8\left(mol\right)\\ Ta.có:m=m_{muối}=m_{kl}+\left(m_{HCl}-m_{H_2}\right)=11,2+\left(0,8.36,5-0,4.2\right)=39,6\left(g\right)\)
Giả sử: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇒ 24x + 27y = 7,8 (1)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
BT e, có: 2x + 3y = 0,8 (2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\left(mol\right)\\y=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=0,1.24=2,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{2,4}{7,8}.100\%\approx30,77\%\\\%m_{Al}\approx69,23\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, BTNT Mg và Al, có:
nMgCl2 = nMg = 0,1 (mol)
nAlCl3 = nAl = 0,2 (mol)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,1.95}{0,1.95+0,2.133,5}.100\%\approx26,24\%\\\%m_{AlCl_3}\approx73,76\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!
\(19,1gam\) \(:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Al\\Mg\\Zn\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\underrightarrow{+O_2}\)\(Y:25,5gam\)\(\underrightarrow{+HCl}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}AgCl_3\\MgCl_2\\ZnCl_2\end{matrix}\right.\) + H2 : 0,3 mol
H2O
Áp dụng định luật bảo toàn khối lượng:
\(mO_2=25,5-19,1=6,4gam\) \(\Rightarrow nO_2=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
BTNT O : nH2O = 0,4mol
\(\rightarrow nHCl^-\left(tdOxi\right)=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
\(nH_2=0,3\left(mol\right)\rightarrow nCl^-\left(tdKl\right)=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{muối}=19,1+\left(0,8+0,6\right).35,5=68,8\left(g\right)\)
a) \(n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{6,675}{133,5}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0,05<-----------0,05---->0,075
=> \(\%Al=\dfrac{0,05.27}{14,15}.100\%=9,54\%\)
=> \(\%Cu=\dfrac{14,15-0,05.27}{14,15}.100\%=90,46\%\)
b) \(V_{H_2}=0,075.22,4=1,68\left(l\right)\)
c) \(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{14,15-0,05.27}{64}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 4Al + 3O2 --to--> 2Al2O3
0,05->0,0375
2Cu + O2 --to--> 2CuO
0,2-->0,1
=> \(V_{O_2}=\left(0,1+0,0375\right).22,4=3,08\left(l\right)\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ m_{AlCl_3}=6,675\left(mol\right)\\ n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{6,675}{133,5}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{Al}=n_{AlCl_3}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_A=0,05.27=1,35\left(g\right);m_{Cu}=14,15-1,35=12,8\left(g\right)\\ \%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{12,8}{14,15}.100\approx90,459\%\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Al}\approx9,541\%\\ b,n_{Cu}=\dfrac{12,8}{64}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}.n_{Al}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,05=0,075\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V=V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,075.22,4=1,68\left(l\right)\\ 4Al+3O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2Al_2O_3\\ 2Cu+O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2CuO\\ n_{O_2}=\dfrac{3}{4}.n_{Al}+\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{Cu}=\dfrac{3}{4}.0,05+\dfrac{1}{2}.0,2=0,0875\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{O_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,0875.22,4=1,96\left(l\right)\)
Đáp án D
Khí thu được là H2 : n H 2 = 13 , 44 22 , 4 = 0 , 6 mol
Gọi M là kim loại chung cho Mg, Fe và Zn với hóa trị n
Sơ đồ phản ứng :
