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Read and put the headings into the correct paragraphs.
(There is one extra)
1. Effect on health of humans
2. Effect on growth of plants
3. Decreased soil fertility
4. Toxic dust
5. Changes in temperature
6. Changes in soil structure
Effects of Soil Pollution
1. : Considering how soil is the reason we are
able to sustain ourselves, the contamination of it has major consequences on our
health. Crops and plants grown on polluted soil absorb much of the pollution and
then pass these on to us. This could explain the sudden surge in small and terminal
illnesses.
Effect on health of humans
2. : The ecological balance of any system gets
affected due to the widespread contamination of the soil. Most plants are unable to
adapt when the chemistry of the soil changes so radically in a short period of time.
Fungi and bacteria found in the soil that bind it together begin to decline, which
creates an additional problem of soil erosion.
Effect on growth of plants
3. : The toxic chemicals present in the soil can
decrease soil fertility and therefore decrease in the soil yield. The contaminated soil
is then used to produce fruits and vegetables which lacks quality nutrients and may
contain some poisonous substance to cause serious health problems in people
consuming them.
Decreased soil fertility
4. : The emission of toxic and foul gases from
landfills pollutes the environment and causes serious effects on health of some
people. The unpleasant smell causes inconvenience to other people.
Toxic Dust
5. : The death of many soil organisms (e.g.
earthworms) in the soil can lead to alteration in soil structure. Apart from that, it
could also force other predators to move to other places in search of food.
IV. In the following text, six sentences or parts of sentences have been removed. Above
the extract you will find the six removed sentences PLUS one sentence which doesn't fit.
Choose from the sentences (A-G) the one which fits each gap (1-6). Remember, there is
one extra sentence you do not need to use. Write the correct letter in the box.
Choose from the following sentences to fill the spaces in the text. There is ONE extra.
A. Using a microwave for cooking a large food mass is difficult due to limited penetration of
microwaves.
B. This can be overcome by leaving the food to stand for a few minutes when cooking is
completed.
C. It is advised that the water should be poured slowly into another container that already
contains the powder.
D. In this way, buying a microwave oven with a turntable ensure the food is cooked
throughout.
E. Conversely the microwaves do not heat glass, ceramic and plastic containers.
F. If the microwaves are not absorbed inside the oven, the oven can be damaged by
electrical arcs and overheating of the microwave source.
G. When water in that state is disturbed, it can suddenly and unexpectedly boil violently.
MICROWAVING
Microwaving is a method of cooking where food is bombarded by microwaves, usually
within an appliance called a microwave oven which excite the water, fat and sugar
molecules, thereby heating (cooking) both the outside and center of the food at the same
time. (1)………E…………
(A common myth is that a microwave oven cooks from the center of the food outward. This
appears to happen because heat generated at the surface escapes more readily from the
surface of the food into the surrounding air.) One advantage of microwaving is that small
amounts of food can be heated very quickly, making it useful for reheating leftovers.
The disadvantage is that food which is microwaved does not undergo some of the chemical
reactions, such as browning, which makes the food visually attractive. Primitive microwave
ovens often do not cook evenly, leading to a concern that bacteria easily killed by more
traditional cooking methods may survive the quick cooking time in "cold spots", though the
food item as a whole is cooked to a safe average temperature. (2) …B…
Some high-end microwave ovens are combined with a convection oven which basically
cook the food using microwave and hot air simultaneously to achieve both the fast cooking
time and browning effect.
(3) ………A…………
However microwave ovens are used in some fast food chains and special microwave bags
are available for cooking fowl or large joints of meat.
Professional chefs generally recommend using microwaves for a limited set of tasks,
including: melting fats (such as butter) and chocolate, cooking grains like oatmeal and grits,
cooking rice, thawing frozen meats and vegetables before cooking by other methods and
quickly reheating already-cooked foods.
Using a microwave to boil water is potentially dangerous, due to superheating. In a
microwave, water can be raised quickly to a temperature above the boiling point before
major bubbles form, especially if it is purified and in a very clean glass vessel. (4)
………G…………
This effect is rare, even for scientists who try to deliberately recreate it, and any seed
whatsoever for boiling is likely to prevent the problem. Boiling water with, for instance, a
teabag already in it will prevent any dangers by providing a seed, as will using a mug that is
not perfectly clean.
The risk greatly increases when water has already been boiled once in the same container.
This situation can occur if the user of the oven boiled the water once, forgot about it, then
came back later to boil it again. The first time the water boils, the seed bubbles
(microscopic bubbles of air around which larger steam bubbles grow) are used up and
largely eliminated from the water as it cools down. When the water is heated again, the lack
of seed bubbles causes superheating, and a risk of a steam explosion when the water's
surface is disturbed.
Placing something in the water before heating can mostly alleviate this risk. If you are
planning to mix something with the water, say tea or hot chocolate, adding it before heating
will insure that the water boils. Otherwise, placing a wood object, for instance a chopstick,
in the water before heating will also work.
Care should be taken when removing heated water from a microwave. Make sure that the
hands are protected from possible liquid boil-over, place the container on a level, heat-
proof surface and stir liquid with a warm spoon. Also, never add powdered substances
(such as instant coffee or cocoa mix) to the container taken from the microwave, due to the
addition of all those seed bubbles and the potential for violent, spontaneous boiling. (5)
…………C………
Metal objects, such as metal utensils, in a microwave oven can lead to dangerous situations.
Metals do not absorb microwaves effectively. Instead, metals reflect microwaves, thereby
preventing the latter from reaching the food. (6) …………F………
Thin metal layers, such as metal foil and mugs with metal trim can melt or burn due to the
strong electrical currents that are generated in metal objects. However, small solid metal
objects, such as spoons, in combination with a large amount of absorbing food or liquid,
normally do not lead to problems.
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the
Original Wikipedia article.
Nguyễn Bích Ngọc ngô mai phương một tip nhỏ cho 2 e khi làm bài này đúng ra là nên đọc hết cả bài nhưng mà cj thấy bài này sử dụng từ vựng khá là đơn giản thôi nên chỉ cần đọc câu trước và câu phía sau câu chỗ cần điền các e có thể đoán ra phần nào cho chắc ăn các e có thể đọc lại đoạn đó sau khi chọn. < chỉ bài này thôi là đọc câu trước và câu sau là tìm dduocj thôi chứ cj ko chắc là bài nào cũng vậy nah >
V/ Complete the paragraph by using the correct form of the words in brackets.
A STRANGE OBJECT IN THE FIELD
There is a considerable public concern in Shaston following the (discover)...discovery........... on Wednesday evening of a metal (contain)....container........... filled with (poison)....poisonous .......... liquid. The object was found by a local (reside).....resident......... when he was walking with his lovely dog in a field behind a newly built chemical factory. As yet, the factory has been (able)....unable....... to provide any (explain)...explanation.......... as to show how the object came to be in the field. A spokersperson stated that a full investigation was taking place and that security procedures were being reviewed.
People living in the (neighbor)..neighborhood..........are extremely angry, as a year ago they withdrew their objection to the (decide)....decider.......... to biuld the factory here after the company had stated that no dangerous (chemistry)...chemical........... would be produced on this site.
Complete the passage with the suitable words.
Health is something we tend to ignore when we have it. When our body is rather well, we're hardly ever (1) ..aware........ of it. But illness can come, even (2) .......when.... we are young. In fact, childhood has been a very vulnerable time. Many (3) ....diseases.... attacked children in particular and people knew very little about how to prevent such illness or how to (4) ...cure..... them once they struck. The resuft was that many children died. About century ago, however, scientists found out about germs, and then everything (5) .....changed... The cause of many diseases (6) ......was.. known, and cures were developed. As this medical knowledge spread the world became (7)......much.... safer for children. The resuft is that whereas a hundred years ago the average man lived for 35 years. Nowadays, in many places of the world, people can expect to (8)......live..... for years. And what do we except by the years 2010 ? Undoubtedly, (9)...medical.... science will continue to advance. Some people will be able to (10)......solve.... medical problems that are unavoidable today.
1. Humus, a substance found in soil, is soft and spongy and enables plant roots to send out tiny hair through that => which they absorb water and food.
2. From the monitoring of earthquake waves it is evidence => evident that the Earth's outer core is liquid, whereas the inner one is solid.
3. People tend to make => do a lot of shopping at Xmas time.
4. Stuart stopped to write => writing his letter because he had to leave for the hospital.
5. A fully grown male mountain lion may be eight long feet. => feet long
Chị ơi bài này trong sgk hay sbt tiếng anh 8 thế ạ