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a) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 --> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
0,1<----------------------------0,15
=> \(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,1.27}{7,5}.100\%=36\%\)
\(\%m_{Cu}=100\%-36\%=64\%\)
b) \(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{7,5-0,1.27}{64}=0,075\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Cu + 2H2SO4 --> CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
0,075------------------------>0,075
2Al + 6H2SO4 --> Al2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O
0,1----------------------------->0,15
=> VSO2 = (0,075 + 0,15).22,4 = 5,04 (l)
a, Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{MgCO_3}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{hhkhí\left(H_2,CO_2\right)}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
Zn + H2SO4 ---> ZnSO4 + H2
a a a
MgCO3 + H2SO4 ---> MgSO4 + CO2 + H2O
b b b
Hệ pt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=0,2\\161a+84b=28,1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\left(mol\right)\\b=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Zn}=0,1.65=6,5\left(g\right)\\m_{MgCO_3}=0,1.84-8,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{6,5}{6,5+8,4}=43,62\%\\\%m_{MgCO_3}=100\%-43,62\%=56,38\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,336}{22,4}=0,015\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
2Na + H2SO4 ---> Na2SO4 + H2
0,03 0,015 0,015
\(\rightarrow m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=7,26-0,015.142=5,13\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{5,13}{342}=0,015\left(mol\right)\)
Al2O3 + 3H2SO4 ---> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2O
0,015 0,015
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Na}=0,03.23=0,69\left(g\right)\\m_{Al_2O_3}=0,015.102=1,53\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Na}=\dfrac{0,69}{0,69+1,53}=31,08\%\\\%m_{Al_2O_3}=100\%-31,08\%=68,92\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c, Thiếu \(d_{H_2SO_4}\)
\(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{12,32}{22,4}=0,55mol\)
\(2Fe+6H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+6H_2O+3SO_2\uparrow\)
x 3x 0,5x 3x 1,5x
\(2Ag+2H_2SO_4\rightarrow2H_2O+SO_2\uparrow+Ag_2SO_4\)
y y y 0,5y 0,5y
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1,5x+0,5y=0,55\\56x+108y=38,4\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,3\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
a)\(\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,3\cdot56}{38,4}\cdot100\%=43,75\%\)
\(\%m_{Ag}=100\%-43,75\%=56,25\%\)
b)\(m_{muối}=m_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}+m_{Ag_2SO_4}\)
\(\Rightarrow muối=0,5\cdot0,3\cdot400+0,5\cdot0,2\cdot312=91,2g\)
c)Cho hỗn hợp trên tác dụng \(H_2SO_4\) loãng chỉ có Fe tác dụng.
\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
0,3 0,3 0,3
\(C_{M_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,2}=1,5M\)
\(V_{H_2}=0,3\cdot22,4=6,72l\)
a/ \(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{3,08}{22,4}=0,1375\left(mol\right);n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1,68}{22,4}=0,075\left(mol\right)\)
2Fe + 6H2SO4(đ) ---to---> Fe2(SO4)3 + 6SO2 + 3H2O
x 3x
Cu + 2H2SO4(đ) ---to---> CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
y y
Fe + 2HCl ----> FeCl2 + H2
x x
Cu + 2HCl -----> CuCl2 + H2
y y
Ta có hệ pt: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x+y=0,1375\\x+y=0,075\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,03125\left(mol\right)\\y=0,04375\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{hh}=0,03125.56+0,04375.64=4,55\left(g\right)\)
\(\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,03125.56.100\%}{4,55}=38,46\%\)
b, \(n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,1.1,2=0,12\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có: \(T=\dfrac{n_{SO_2}}{n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}}=\dfrac{0,1375}{0,12}=1,1458\)
=> tạo ra 2 muối là BaSO3 và Ba(HSO3)2
SO2 + Ba(OH)2 ---> BaSO3 + H2O
x x x
2SO2 + Ba(OH)2 ----> Ba(HSO3)2
y 0,5y 0,5y
Ta có hệ pt: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=0,1375\\x+0,5y=0,12\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1025\left(mol\right)\\y=0,035\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{muối}=0,1025.217+0,5.0,035.299=27,475\left(g\right)\)
Giả sử: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{SO_2}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2S}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(1\right)\)
Vì: dX/H2 = 24,5 \(\Rightarrow64a+34b=4,9\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) ⇒ a = b = 0,05 (mol)
Giả sử: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Cu}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow65x+64y=12,9\left(3\right)\)
Các quá trình:
\(Zn^0\rightarrow Zn^{+2}+2e\)
x____________ 2x (mol)
\(Cu^0\rightarrow Cu^{+2}+2e\)
y____________ 2y (mol)
\(S^{+6}+2e\rightarrow S^{+4}\)
_____0,1__0,05 (mol)
\(S^{+6}+8e\rightarrow S^{-2}\)
_____0,4__0,05 (mol)
Theo ĐLBT mol e, có: 2x + 2y = 0,1 + 0,4 ⇒ x + y = 0,25 (4)
Từ (3) và (4) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\\y=\end{matrix}\right.\)
Tới đây ra số âm, bạn xem lại đề nhé!
a) Gọi số mol Al, Zn là a, b (mol)
=> 27a + 65b = 11,9 (1)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 --> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
a----->1,5a----------------->1,5a
Zn + H2SO4 --> ZnSO4 + H2
b------>b------------------>b
=> 1,5a + b = 0,4 (2)
(1)(2) => a = 0,2 (mol); b = 0,1 (mol)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2.27}{11,9}.100\%=45,378\%\\\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,1.65}{11,9}.100\%=54,622\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) nH2SO4 = 1,5a + b = 0,4 (mol)
=> mH2SO4 = 0,4.98 = 39,2 (g)
=> \(C\%_{dd.H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{39,2}{150}.100\%=26,133\%\)
Gọi số mol NO và NO2 là a và b\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\text{30a+46b=16,4}\\\text{ a+b=0,5}\end{matrix}\right.\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\text{a=0,4125}\\\text{b=0,0875}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Theo bảo toàn electron ta có
3nAl=3nNO+1nNO2
\(\rightarrow\)3nAl=3.0,4125+0,0875=1,325
\(\rightarrow\)nAl=\(\frac{53}{120}\)
\(\rightarrow\)mAl=11,975
nAl=nAl(NO3)3=\(\frac{53}{120}\)
\(\rightarrow\)mAl(NO3)3=\(\frac{53}{\text{120.213}}\)=94,075g
a)
n O = 6,13.23,491%/16 = 0,09(mol)
=> n Al2O3 = 1/3 n O = 0,03(mol)
n H2 = 1,456/22,4 = 0,065(mol)
$H_2O \to OH^- + \dfrac{1}{2}H_2$
Suy ra: n OH = 2n H2 = 0,065.2 = 0,13(mol)
Al2O3 + 2OH- → 2AlO2- + H2O
0,03......0,06..........0,06.....................(mol)
DUng dịch G có :
AlO2- : 0,06
OH- : 0,13 - 0,06 = 0,07(mol)
Áp dụng CT :
n H+ = 4n AlO2- + n OH- - 3n Al(OH)3
<=> 0,16 = 0,06.4 + 0,07 - 3n Al(OH)3
<=> n Al(OH)3 = 0,05(mol)
<=> m = 0,05.78 = 3,9(gam)
Trong F :
m Na + m K + m Ba = m D - m Al2O3 = 6,13 - 0,03.102 = 3,07(gam)
n Cl = n HCl = 0,16(mol)
n Al3+ = 0,06 - 0,05 = 0,01(mol)
=> m chất tan = 3,07 + 0,16.35,5 + 0,01.27 = 9,02(gam)
Đặt :
nFe = x mol
nMgO = y mol
mX = 56x + 40y = 13.6 (g) (1)
Fe + 2HCl => FeCl2 + H2
x____________x
MgO + 2HCl => MgCl2 + H2O
y______________y
mM = mFeCl2 + mMgCl2 = 127x + 95y = 31.7 (2)
(1) , (2) :
x = 0.1
y = 0.2
%Fe = 5.6/13.6 * 100% = 41.17%
%MgO = 58.82%
nKOH = 0.1 * 0.2 = 0.02 (mol)
KOH + HCl => KCl + H2O
0.02____0.02
nHCl (pư) = 2nFe + 2nMgO = 0.1*2 + 0.2*2 = 0.6 (mol)
nHCl = 0.02 + 0.6 = 0.62 (mol)
VddHCl = 0.62/0.5 = 1.24 (M)