Cho a,b>0 thỏa mãn a + b + 3ab = 1. Tìm GTLN P = \(\sqrt{1-a^2}+\sqrt{1-b^2}+\dfrac{3ab}{a+b}\)
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Ta có: \(\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2\ge2ab\)
\(\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}a^2+2ab+b^2\ge4ab\\2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\ge a^2+2ab+b^2\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}a^2+2ab+b^2\ge4ab\\2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\ge a^2+2ab+b^2\end{cases}}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\left(1\right)\\\left(a+b\right)^2\le2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(2\right)\end{cases}}\)
Theo đề bài:
\(a+b+3ab=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4\left(a+b\right)+12ab=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4\left(a+b\right)+3\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4\left(theo\left(1\right)\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(a+b\right)^2+4\left(a+b\right)-4\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+2\right)\left[3\left(a+b\right)-2\right]\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(a+b\right)-2\ge0\left(a,b>0\Rightarrow a+b+2>0\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b\ge\frac{2}{3}\)
`\(\Rightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\ge\left(a+b\right)^2\ge\frac{4}{9}\left(theo\left(2\right)\right)\)
Áp dụng các kết quả trên, ta có:
\(\left(\sqrt{1-a^2}+\sqrt{1-b^2}\right)^2\le2\left(1-a^2+1-b^2\right)\)\(=4-2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\le4-\frac{4}{9}=\frac{32}{9}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{1-a^2}+\sqrt{1-b^2}\le\frac{4\sqrt{2}}{3}\)
Ta có: \(\frac{3ab}{a+b}=\frac{1-\left(a+b\right)}{a+b}=\frac{1}{a+b}-1\le\frac{1}{\frac{2}{3}}-1=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\le\frac{4\sqrt{2}}{3}+\frac{1}{2}\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}a=b\\a+b+3ab=1\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=b\\3a^2+2a-1=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}a=b=\frac{1}{3}\left(a,b>0\right)}\)
Vậy max A là \(\frac{4\sqrt{2}}{3}+\frac{1}{2}\Leftrightarrow a=b=\frac{1}{3}\)
Ta có \(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{b}}=2\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{ab}}=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}=4-\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{ab}}\)
Khi đó P = \(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{ab}}\left(4-\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{ab}}\right)=-2\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{ab}}-1\right)^2+2\le2\)
Dấu "=" khi a = b = 1
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cô - si, ta có:
\(a\sqrt{b-1}=a\sqrt{\left(b-1\right).1}\le a.\frac{b-1+1}{2}=\frac{ab}{2}\)(1)
\(b\sqrt{a-1}=b\sqrt{\left(a-1\right).1}\le b.\frac{a-1+1}{2}=\frac{ab}{2}\)(2)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra \(a\sqrt{b-1}+b\sqrt{a-1}\le ab\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{6}{a\sqrt{b-1}+b\sqrt{a-1}}\ge\frac{6}{ab}\)(Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = 2)
\(VT=\frac{6}{a\sqrt{b-1}+b\sqrt{a-1}}+\sqrt{3ab+4}\ge\frac{6}{ab}+\sqrt{3ab+4}\)
\(=\frac{18}{3ab}+\sqrt{3ab+4}\)
Đặt \(t=\sqrt{3ab+4}\Rightarrow3ab=t^2-4\). Khi đó\(VT\ge\frac{18}{t^2-4}+t=\frac{18}{\left(t+2\right)\left(t-2\right)}+\frac{3}{4}\left(t-2\right)\)
\(+\frac{1}{4}\left(t+2\right)+1\ge3\sqrt[3]{18.\frac{3}{4}.\frac{1}{4}}+1=\frac{11}{2}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi t = 4 hay a = b = 2
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\sqrt{b-1}=\sqrt{1\left(b-1\right)}\le\frac{1+b-1}{2}=\frac{b}{2}\Rightarrow a\sqrt{b-1}\le\frac{ab}{2}\)
Tương tự với \(b\sqrt{a-1}\)ta được
\(\frac{6}{a\sqrt{b-1}+b\sqrt{a-1}}+\sqrt{3ab+4}\ge\frac{6}{ab}+\sqrt{3ab+4}=\frac{18}{3ab}+\sqrt{3ab+4}\)
Vậy ta cần chứng minh
\(\frac{18}{3ab}+\sqrt{3ab+4}\ge\frac{11}{2}\)
Vì a,b đều lớn hơn 1 nên ta đặt \(t=\sqrt{3ab+4}>0\)khi đó bđt cần chứng minh trở thành
\(\frac{18}{t^2-4}+t\ge\frac{11}{2}\)
<=> \(\frac{\left(2t+5\right)\left(t-4\right)^2}{t^2-4}\ge0\)
Vậy t>=4
BĐT xảy ra khi a=b=1
\(Q=\dfrac{2a}{\sqrt{a^2+ab+bc+ca}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+ab+bc+ca}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+ab+bc+ca}}\)
\(=\dfrac{2a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\dfrac{2a}{a+b}.\dfrac{2a}{a+c}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{2b}{a+b}.\dfrac{b}{2\left(b+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{2c}{a+c}.\dfrac{c}{2\left(b+c\right)}}\)
\(\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{2a}{a+b}+\dfrac{2a}{a+c}+\dfrac{2b}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{2c}{a+c}+\dfrac{c}{2\left(b+c\right)}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{9}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(\dfrac{7}{\sqrt{15}};\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{15}};\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{15}}\right)\)
Áp dụng AM-GM: \(a\sqrt{b-1}+b\sqrt{a-1}\le a.\dfrac{b-1+1}{2}+b.\dfrac{a-1+1}{2}=ab\)
\(VT\ge\dfrac{6}{ab}+\sqrt{3ab+4}\)
( dự đoán dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=2)
Áp dụng cauchy-schwarz:
\(\dfrac{6}{ab}=\dfrac{18}{3ab}+\dfrac{2}{4}-\dfrac{1}{2}\ge\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{18}+\sqrt{2}\right)^2}{3ab+4}-\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{32}{3ab+4}-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Áp dụng AM-GM một lần nữa:
\(VT\ge\dfrac{32}{3ab+4}+\sqrt{3ab+4}-\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{32}{3ab+4}+\dfrac{\sqrt{3ab+4}}{2}+\dfrac{\sqrt{3ab+4}}{2}-\dfrac{1}{2}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{32}{4}}-\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{11}{2}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=2
P/s: Nothing
gt <=> \(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}=1\)
Đặt: \(\frac{1}{a}=x;\frac{1}{b}=y;\frac{1}{c}=z\)
=> Thay vào thì \(VT=\frac{\frac{1}{xy}}{\frac{1}{z}\left(1+\frac{1}{xy}\right)}+\frac{1}{\frac{yz}{\frac{1}{x}\left(1+\frac{1}{yz}\right)}}+\frac{1}{\frac{zx}{\frac{1}{y}\left(1+\frac{1}{zx}\right)}}\)
\(VT=\frac{z}{xy+1}+\frac{x}{yz+1}+\frac{y}{zx+1}=\frac{x^2}{xyz+x}+\frac{y^2}{xyz+y}+\frac{z^2}{xyz+z}\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x+y+z+3xyz}\)
Có BĐT x, y, z > 0 thì \(\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\ge9xyz\)Ta thay \(xy+yz+zx=1\)vào
=> \(x+y+z\ge9xyz=>\frac{x+y+z}{3}\ge3xyz\)
=> Từ đây thì \(VT\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x+y+z+\frac{x+y+z}{3}}=\frac{3}{4}\left(x+y+z\right)\ge\frac{3}{4}.\sqrt{3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}=\frac{3}{4}.\sqrt{3}=\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{4}\)
=> Ta có ĐPCM . "=" xảy ra <=> x=y=z <=> \(a=b=c=\sqrt{3}\)
Lời giải:
$1=a+b+3ab\leq (a+b)+3.\frac{(a+b)^2}{4}$
$\Rightarrow a+b\geq \frac{2}{3}$
$\Rightarrow a^2+b^2\geq \frac{(a+b)^2}{2}=\frac{2}{9}$
\(p=\sqrt{1-a^2}+\sqrt{1-b^2}+\frac{1-(a+b)}{a+b}=\sqrt{1-a^2}+\sqrt{1-b^2}+\frac{1}{a+b}-1\)
\(\leq \sqrt{(1-a^2+1-b^2)(1+1)}+\frac{1}{\frac{2}{3}}-1=\sqrt{2(2-a^2-b^2)}+\frac{1}{2}\)
Mà \(2-a^2-b^2\leq 2-\frac{2}{9}=\frac{16}{9}\)
Do đó:
\(P\leq \sqrt{\frac{32}{9}}+\frac{1}{2}=\frac{3+8\sqrt{2}}{6}\) và đây chính là giá trị max.
SKY WARS:
Đặt $a+b=t$ thì:
$1\leq t+\frac{3}{4}t^2$
$\Leftrightarrow 4\leq 4t+3t^2$
$\Leftrightarrow 3t^2+4t-4\geq 0$
$\Leftrightarrow (3t-2)(t+2)\geq 0$
Vì $t>0$ nên $3t-2\geq 0\Rightarrow t\geq \frac{2}{3}$