Chứng minh các đẳng thức lượng giác sau:
a) \({\sin ^4}\alpha - {\cos ^4}\alpha = 1 - 2{\cos ^2}\alpha \)
b) \(\tan \alpha + \cot \alpha = \frac{1}{{\sin \alpha .\cos \alpha }}\)
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a) Ta có: \({\left( {\sin \alpha + \cos \alpha } \right)^2} = {\sin ^2}\alpha + 2\sin \alpha \cos \alpha + {\cos ^2}\alpha = 1 + \sin 2\alpha \;\)
b) \({\cos ^4}\alpha - {\sin ^4}\alpha = \left( {{{\cos }^2}\alpha - {{\sin }^2}\alpha } \right)\left( {{{\cos }^2}\alpha + {{\sin }^2}\alpha } \right) = \cos 2\alpha \;\)
a)
\(\sin ^4a-\cos ^4a+1=(\sin ^2a-\cos ^2a)(\sin ^2a+\cos^2a)+1\)
\(=(\sin ^2a-\cos ^2a).1+1=\sin ^2a-\cos ^2a+\sin ^2a+\cos ^2a\)
\(=2\sin ^2a\)
b) \(\sin ^2a+2\cos ^2a-1=(\sin ^2a+\cos^2a)+\cos ^2a-1\)
\(=1+\cos ^2a-1=\cos ^2a\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{\sin ^2a+2\cos ^2a-1}{\cot ^2a}=\frac{\cos ^2a}{\cot ^2a}=\frac{\cos ^2a}{\frac{\cos ^2a}{\sin ^2a}}=\sin ^2a\)
c)
\(\frac{1-\sin ^2a\cos ^2a}{\cos ^2a}-\cos ^2a=\frac{1}{\cos ^2a}-\sin ^2a-\cos ^2a\)
\(=\frac{1}{\cos ^2a}-(\sin ^2a+\cos ^2a)=\frac{1}{\cos ^2a}-1\)
\(=\frac{1-\cos ^2a}{\cos ^2a}=\frac{\sin ^2a}{\cos ^2a}=\tan ^2a\)
d)
\(\frac{\sin ^2a-\tan ^2a}{\cos ^2a-\cot ^2a}=\frac{\sin ^2a-\frac{\sin ^2a}{\cos ^2a}}{\cos ^2a-\frac{\cos ^2a}{\sin ^2a}}\) \(=\frac{\sin ^2a(1-\frac{1}{\cos ^2a})}{\cos ^2a(1-\frac{1}{\sin ^2a})}\)
\(=\frac{\sin ^2a.\frac{\cos ^2a-1}{\cos ^2a}}{\cos ^2a.\frac{\sin ^2a-1}{\sin ^2a}}\) \(=\frac{\sin ^2a.\frac{-\sin ^2a}{\cos ^2a}}{\cos ^2a.\frac{-\cos ^2a}{\sin ^2a}}=\frac{\sin ^6a}{\cos ^6a}=\tan ^6a\)
f)
\(\frac{(\sin a+\cos a)^2-1}{\cot a-\sin a\cos a}=\frac{\sin ^2a+\cos ^2a+2\sin a\cos a-1}{\frac{\cos a}{\sin a}-\sin a\cos a}\)
\(=\sin a.\frac{1+2\sin a\cos a-1}{\cos a-\cos a\sin ^2a}\)
\(=\sin a. \frac{2\sin a\cos a}{\cos a(1-\sin ^2a)}=\sin a. \frac{2\sin a\cos a}{\cos a. \cos^2 a}=\frac{2\sin ^2a}{\cos ^2a}=2\tan ^2a\)
Tham khảo:
a)
Gọi M(x;y) là điểm trên đường tròn đơn vị sao cho \(\widehat {xOM} = \alpha \). Gọi N, P tương ứng là hình chiếu vuông góc của M lên các trục Ox, Oy.
Ta có: \(\left\{ \begin{array}{l}x = \cos \alpha \\y = \sin \alpha \end{array} \right. \Rightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}{\cos ^2}\alpha = {x^2}\\{\sin ^2}\alpha = {y^2}\end{array} \right.\)(1)
Mà \(\left\{ \begin{array}{l}\left| x \right| = ON\\\left| y \right| = OP = MN\end{array} \right. \Rightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}{x^2} = {\left| x \right|^2} = O{N^2}\\{y^2} = {\left| y \right|^2} = M{N^2}\end{array} \right.\)(2)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra \({\sin ^2}\alpha + {\cos ^2}\alpha = O{N^2} + M{N^2} = O{M^2}\) (do \(\Delta OMN\) vuông tại N)
\( \Rightarrow {\sin ^2}\alpha + {\cos ^2}\alpha = 1\) (vì OM =1). (đpcm)
b)
Ta có: \(\tan \alpha = \frac{{\sin \alpha }}{{\cos \alpha }}\;\;(\alpha \ne {90^o})\)
\( \Rightarrow 1 + {\tan ^2}\alpha = 1 + \frac{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha }}{{{{\cos }^2}\alpha }} = \frac{{{{\cos }^2}\alpha }}{{{{\cos }^2}\alpha }} + \frac{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha }}{{{{\cos }^2}\alpha }} = \frac{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha + {{\cos }^2}\alpha }}{{{{\cos }^2}\alpha }}\)
Mà theo ý a) ta có \({\sin ^2}\alpha + {\cos ^2}\alpha = 1\) với mọi góc \(\alpha \)
\( \Rightarrow 1 + {\tan ^2}\alpha = \frac{1}{{{{\cos }^2}\alpha }}\) (đpcm)
c)
Ta có: \(\cot \alpha = \frac{{\cos \alpha }}{{\sin \alpha }}\;\;\;({0^o} < \alpha < {180^o})\)
\( \Rightarrow 1 + {\cot ^2}\alpha = 1 + \frac{{{{\cos }^2}\alpha }}{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha }} = \frac{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha }}{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha }} + \frac{{{{\cos }^2}\alpha }}{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha }} = \frac{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha + {{\cos }^2}\alpha }}{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha }}\)
Mà theo ý a) ta có \({\sin ^2}\alpha + {\cos ^2}\alpha = 1\) với mọi góc \(\alpha \)
\( \Rightarrow 1 + {\cot ^2}\alpha = \frac{1}{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha }}\) (đpcm)
a)
Ta có:
\({\cos ^4}\alpha {\sin ^4}\alpha = \left( {{{\cos }^2}\alpha - {{\sin }^2}\alpha } \right)\left( {{{\cos }^2}\alpha + {{\sin }^2}\alpha } \right) \\= {\cos ^2}\alpha - {\sin ^2}\alpha = {\cos ^2}\alpha - (1 - {\cos ^2}\alpha ) \\= {\cos ^2}\alpha - 1 + {\cos ^2}\alpha = 2{\cos ^2}\alpha - 1\)
(đpcm)
b)
Ta có:
\(\frac{{{{\cos }^2}\alpha + {{\tan }^2}\alpha - 1}}{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha }} = \frac{{{{\cos }^2}\alpha \; + {{\tan }^2}\alpha - {{\sin }^2}\alpha - {{\cos }^2}\alpha }}{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha }} \\= \frac{{{{\tan }^2}\alpha - {{\sin }^2}\alpha }}{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha }} = \frac{{\frac{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha }}{{{{\cos }^2}\alpha }} - {{\sin }^2}\alpha }}{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha }} \\= \frac{1}{{{{\cos }^2}\alpha }} - 1 = {\tan ^2}\alpha \)
(đpcm)
\(A=\dfrac{cos^2a-sin^2a}{\dfrac{cos^2a}{sin^2a}-\dfrac{sin^2a}{cos^2a}}-cos^2a=\dfrac{cos^2a.sin^2a\left(cos^2a-sin^2a\right)}{\left(cos^2a-sin^2a\right)\left(cos^2a+sin^2a\right)}-cos^2a\)
\(=cos^2a.sin^2a-cos^2a=cos^2a\left(sin^2a-1\right)=-cos^4a\)
\(B=\sqrt{\left(1-cos^2a\right)^2+6cos^2a+3cos^4a}+\sqrt{\left(1-sin^2a\right)^2+6sin^2a+3sin^4a}\)
\(=\sqrt{4cos^4a+4cos^2a+1}+\sqrt{4sin^4a+4sin^2a+1}\)
\(=\sqrt{\left(2cos^2a+1\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(2sin^2a+1\right)^2}\)
\(=2\left(sin^2a+cos^2a\right)+2=4\)
a) \({\cos ^2}\alpha + {\sin ^2}\alpha = 1\)
b) \(\tan \alpha .\cot \alpha = \frac{{\sin \alpha }}{{\cos \alpha }}.\frac{{\cos \alpha }}{{\sin \alpha }} = 1\)
c) \(\frac{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha + {{\cos }^2}\alpha }}{{{{\cos }^2}\alpha }} = \frac{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha }}{{{{\cos }^2}\alpha }} + \frac{{{{\cos }^2}\alpha }}{{{{\cos }^2}\alpha }} = {\tan ^2}\alpha + 1\)
d) \(\frac{1}{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha }} = \frac{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha + {{\cos }^2}\alpha }}{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha }} = \frac{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha }}{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha }} + \frac{{{{\cos }^2}\alpha }}{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha }} = 1 + {\cot ^2}\alpha \)
Ta có:
\(sin=\dfrac{doi}{huyen}\); \(cos=\dfrac{ke}{chuyen}\);\(tan=\dfrac{doi}{ke}\); \(cot=\dfrac{ke}{doi}\)
Dùng cái này làm được hết mấy câu đó.
nếu bn thấy dùng cách của hùng có hới dài thì bn chỉ cần sử dụng cách đó cho 3 ý trên thôi . còn 3 ý dưới bn có thể sử dụng công thức \(sin^2x+cos^2x=1\) vừa chứng minh xong để giải quyết .
a/ \(A=\frac{cot^2a-cos^2a}{cot^2a}-\frac{sina.cosa}{cota}\)
\(=\frac{\frac{cos^2a}{sin^2a}-cos^2a}{\frac{cos^2a}{sin^2a}}-\frac{sina.cosa}{\frac{cosa}{sina}}\)
\(=\left(1-sin^2a\right)-sin^2a=1\)
b/ \(B=\left(cosa-sina\right)^2+\left(cosa+sina\right)^2+cos^4a-sin^4a-2cos^2a\)
\(=cos^2a-2cosa.sina+sin^2a+cos^2a+2cosa.sina+sin^2a+\left(cos^2a+sin^2a\right)\left(cos^2a-sin^2a\right)-2cos^2a\)
\(=2+\left(cos^2a-sin^2a\right)-2cos^2a\)
\(=2-sin^2a-cos^2a=2-1=1\)
a) Ta có:
\(\begin{array}{l}{\sin ^4}\alpha - {\cos ^4}\alpha = 1 - 2{\cos ^2}\alpha \\ \Leftrightarrow \left( {{{\sin }^2}\alpha + {{\cos }^2}\alpha } \right)\left( {{{\sin }^2}\alpha - {{\cos }^2}\alpha } \right) = 1 - 2{\cos ^2}\alpha \\ \Leftrightarrow {\sin ^2}\alpha - {\cos ^2}\alpha - 1 + 2{\cos ^2}\alpha = 0\\ \Leftrightarrow {\sin ^2}\alpha + {\cos ^2}\alpha - 1 = 0\\ \Leftrightarrow 1 - 1 = 0\\ \Leftrightarrow 0 = 0\end{array}\)
Đẳng thức luôn đúng
b) Ta có:
\(\begin{array}{l}\tan \alpha + \cot \alpha = \frac{1}{{\sin \alpha .\cos \alpha }}\\ \Leftrightarrow \frac{{\sin \alpha }}{{\cos \alpha }} + \frac{{\cos \alpha }}{{\sin \alpha }} = \frac{1}{{\sin \alpha .\cos \alpha }}\\ \Leftrightarrow \frac{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha + {{\cos }^2}\alpha }}{{\cos \alpha .\sin \alpha }} = \frac{1}{{\sin \alpha .\cos \alpha }}\\ \Leftrightarrow \frac{1}{{\sin \alpha .\cos \alpha }} = \frac{1}{{\sin \alpha .\cos \alpha }}\end{array}\)
Đẳng thức luôn đúng