tim gtln của P= 1-x^2 -y^2-z^2+2x+4y+6z
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Ta có:
\(3-S=\left(x^2+4y^2+9z^2\right)-\left(2x+4y+6z\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow3-S=\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+\left(4y^2-4y+1\right)+\left(9z^2-6z+1\right)-3\)
\(\Rightarrow6-S=\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(2y-1\right)^2+\left(3z-1\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow S\le6\)
\(S_{max}=6\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1=0\\2y-1=0\\3z-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(1;\dfrac{1}{2};\dfrac{1}{3}\right)\)
\(B=2x+12y+6z-x^2-4y^2-z^2-18\)
\(B=-\left(x^2-2x+1\right)-\left[\left(2y\right)^2-12y+9\right]-\left(z^2-6z+9\right)\)
\(B=-\left(x-1\right)^2-\left(2y-3\right)^2-\left(z-3\right)^2\)
Vì \(-\left(x-1\right)^2< 0\)Với mọi x
\(-\left(2y-3\right)^2< 0\)Với mọi y
\(-\left(z-3\right)^2< 0\)Với mọi z
Nên \(-\left(x-1\right)^2-\left(2y-3\right)^2-\left(z-3\right)^2< 0\)Với mọi x, y, z
Vậy GTLN của B \(\Leftrightarrow-\left(x-1\right)^2-\left(2y-3\right)^2-\left(z-3\right)^2=0\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-\left(x-1\right)^2=0\\-\left(2y-3\right)^2=0\\-\left(z-3\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=1,5\\z=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(-\left(2x^2+y^2+2xy-4x-2y-5\right)\\ \\ =-\left(x^2+2x\left(y-1\right)+\left(y^2-2y+1\right)+\left(x^2-2x+1\right)-7\right)\\ =-\left(x^2+2x\left(y-1\right)+\left(y-1\right)^2+\left(x-1\right)^2-7\right)\\ =-\left(\left(x+y-1\right)^2+\left(x-1\right)^2-7\right)\\ =-\left(x+y-1\right)^2-\left(x-1\right)^2-7\)
\(\left(x+y-1\right)^2\ge0\\ \Rightarrow-\left(x+y-1\right)^2\le0\\ \left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\\ \Rightarrow-\left(x+y-1\right)^2-\left(x-1\right)^2\le0\\ \Rightarrow-\left(x+y-1\right)^2-\left(x-1\right)^2-7\le-7\)
Max A = -7 khi x=1 ; y=0
B) TT
Ta có:
\(x^2+y^2+z^2-2x+4y=6z-14\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+\left(y^2+4y+4\right)+\left(z^2-6z+9\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2+\left(z-3\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-2\\z=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
Thay vào p ta có: \(p=1^{2021}+\left(-2\right)^2+3=1+4+3=8\)
\(x^2+y^2+z^2-2x+4y=6z-14\)
\(\leftrightarrow (x^2-2x+1)+(y^2+4y+4)+(z^2-6z+9)=0\)
\(\leftrightarrow (x-1)^2+(y+2)^2+(z-3)^2=0\)
Ta có \(\begin{cases} (x-1)^2\ge 0\\(y+2)^2\ge 0\\(z-3)^2\ge 0\end{cases}\)
\(\to (x-1)^2+(y+2)^2+(z-3)0^2\ge 0\)
\(\to\) Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\begin{cases}x-1=0\\y+2=0\\z-3=0\end{cases}\)
\(\leftrightarrow \begin{cases}x=1\\y=-2\\z=3\end{cases}\)
Thay \(x=1;y=-2;z=3\) vào P
\(P=1^{2021}+(-2)^2+3=1+4+3=8\)
Vậy \(P=8\)
\(x^2+y^2+z^2+2x-4y+6z=-14\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+2x+1\right)+\left(y^2-4y+4\right)+\left(z^2+6z+9\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2+\left(z+3\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\begin{cases}x+1=0\\y-2=0\\z+3=0\end{cases}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\begin{cases}x=-1\\y=2\\z=-3\end{cases}\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y+z=-1+2-3=-2\)
`P=1-x^2-y^2-z^2+2x+4y+6z=15-(x^2-2x+1)-(y^2-4y+4)-(z^2-6z+9)=15-[(x-1)^2+(y-2)^2+(z-3)^2]<=15AAx;y;z`
Dấu "=" xảy ra `<=>{(x-1=0),(y-2=0),(z-3=0):}<=>(x;y;z)=(1;2;3)`
Vậy `P_(max)=15<=>(x;y;z)=(1;2;3)`
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Lưu ý: `P(k)^(2k)>=0` nên `-P(k)^(2k)<=0` xảy ra dấu bằng `<=>P(k)^(2k)=0<=>P(k)=0`