ur Câu 7: Cho 6,12 gam hỗn hợp X gồm Mg và Al tác dụng vừa đủ với dung dịch HCl, thu được 6,72 lít khí hiđro (đktc). a) Viết các PTHH xảy ra? b) Tính thành phần % theo khối lượng mỗi kim loại trong X? /
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\(a.2Al+6HCl->2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Mg+2HCl->MgCl_2+H_2\\ b.n_{Al}=a,n_{Mg}=b\\ 27a+24b=7,5\left(I\right)\\ 1,5a+b=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35\left(II\right)\\ a=0,1;b=0,2\\ \%m_{Al}=\dfrac{27\cdot0,1}{7,5}\cdot100\%=36\%\\ \%m_{Mg}=64\%\\ c.m_{HCl}=36,5\left(0,1\cdot3+0,2\cdot2\right)=18,25g\\ d.m_{ddsau}=7,5+\dfrac{18,25}{14,6:100}-0,35\cdot2=131,8g\\ C\%\left(AlCl_3\right)=\dfrac{133,5\cdot0,1}{131,8}\cdot100\%=10,1\%\\ C\%\left(MgCl_2\right)=\dfrac{95\cdot0,2}{131,8}\cdot100\%=14,4\%\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a) nH2 = 6,72 : 22,4 = 0,3 (MOL)
PTHH:
Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2
x x x (mol)
Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2
y y y (mol)
ta có
65x + 24y = 11,3
x+y=0,3
=> x = 0,1 (mol)
=> y = 0,2 (mol)
=> mMg = 0,2 . 24 = 4,8 (G)
=> %mMg = \(\dfrac{4,8}{11,3}\) . 100% = 42,47 %
=> %mZn = 100% - 42,47% = 57,53 %
Gọi x,y lần lượt là số mol của Zn, Mg
nH2 =\(\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}\)=0,3 mol
Pt: Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl2 + H2
.....x......................................x
....Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
.....y.......................................y
Ta có hệ pt: {65x+24y=11,3
x+y=0,3
⇔{x=0,1y=0,2
%mZn = 0,1×6511,3.100%=57,5%
%mMg = 0,2×24\11,3.100%=42,5%
Pt: Fe3O4 + 4H2 --to--> 3Fe + 4H2O
0,075 mol<-0,3 mol
mFe3O4 = 0,075 . 232 = 17,4 (g)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a. PTHH : Mg + 2HCl ➝ MgCl2 + H2 (1)
b. theo bài : nH2 = 3,36 : 22,4 = 0,15 (mol)
theo (1) nMg = nH2 = 0,15 (mol)
➞ mMg = 0,15 ✖ 24 = 3,6 (g)
➞ %mMg = (3,6 : 5)✖100 = 72%
➞ %mCu = 100% - 72% = 28%
c. theo (1) nHCl = 2nH2 = 2✖0,15 = 0,3 (mol)
mHCl = 0,3✖36,5 = 10,95(g)
➜mddHCl = (10,95✖100):14,6 = 75(g)
d. dung dịch Y : MgCl2
mdd(spư)= 3,6+75-0,3 = 78,3(g)
theo (1) nMgCl2 = nH2 = 0,15(mol)
mMgCl2 = 0,15✖95 = 14,25(g)
C%MgCl2 = (14,25 : 78,3)✖100 = 18,199%
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a)
$Cu + 4HNO_3 \to Cu(NO_3)_2 + 2NO_2 + 2H_2O$
$Ag + 2HNO_3 \to AgNO_3 + NO_2 + H_2O$
b)
Gọi $n_{Cu} = a(mol) ; n_{Ag} = b(mol) \Rightarrow 64a + 108b = 4,52(1)$
$n_{NO_2} =2a + b = 0,07(2)$
Từ (1)(2) suy ra a = 0,02 ; b = 0,03
$\%m_{Cu} = \dfrac{0,02.64}{4,52}.100\% = 28,31\%$
$\%m_{Ag} = 71,69\%$
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a) PTHH: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
X là khí Hidro
b) Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow n_{Al}=0,2mol\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot27}{8,64}\cdot100\%=62,5\%\) \(\Rightarrow\%m_{Cu}=37,5\%\)
c) Theo PTHH: \(n_{HCl}=3n_{Al}=0,6mol\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,6}{1}=0,6\left(l\right)=600\left(ml\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a, \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2
Mol: x 1,5x
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl → FeCl2 + H2
Mol: y y
b, Ta có hpt: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+56y=11\\1,5x+y=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2.27.100\%}{11}=49,09\%\Rightarrow\%m_{Fe}=100\%-49,09\%=50,91\%\)
c, \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{16}{80}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{0,2}{1}< \dfrac{0,4}{1}\) ⇒ CuO hết, H2 dư
PTHH: CuO + H2 → Cu + H2O
Mol: 0,2 0,2
\(m_{Cu}=0,2.64=12,8\left(g\right)\)
Gọi \(m_{Al}=a\left(g\right)\left(0< a< 11\right)\)
\(\rightarrow m_{Fe}=11-a\left(g\right)\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=\dfrac{a}{27}\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11-a}{56}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH:
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(\dfrac{a}{27}\) \(\dfrac{a}{18}\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
\(\dfrac{11-a}{56}\) \(\dfrac{11-a}{56}\)
\(\rightarrow pt:\dfrac{a}{18}+\dfrac{11-a}{56}=0,4\\ \Leftrightarrow m_{Al}=a=5,4\left(g\right)\left(TM\right)\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{11}=49,1\%\\\%m_{Fe}=100\%-49,1\%=50,9\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{16}{80}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)
LTL: \(0,2< 0,4\rightarrow\) H2 dư
\(n_{Cu}=n_{CuO}=0,2\left(mol\right)\rightarrow m_{CuO}=0,2.64=12,8\left(g\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Gọi số mol Al, Fe là a, b (mol)
=> 27a + 56b = 11,1 (1)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
a----------------------->1,5a
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
b------------------------>b
=> 1,5a + b = 0,3 (2)
(1)(2) => a = 0,1; b = 0,15
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,1.27}{11,1}.100\%=24,32\%\\\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,15.56}{11,1}.100\%=75,68\end{matrix}\right.\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Gọi số mol Al, Mg là a, b (mol)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
a--------------->a------>1,5a
Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
b--------------->b---->b
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1,5a+b=0,6\\133,5a+95b=55,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> a = 0,2 (mol); b = 0,3 (mol)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2.27}{0,2.27+0,3.24}.100\%=42,857\%\\\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,3.24}{0,2.27+0,3.24}.100\%=57,143\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Al\\Mg\end{matrix}\right.+HCl->\left\{{}\begin{matrix}AlCl3\\MgCl2\end{matrix}\right.+H2\)
2Al + 3HCl -> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0,2 0,3 0,3
Mg + 2HCl -> MgCl2 + H2
0,3 0,6 0,3
=> mHCl dùng = 0,9 . 36,5 = 32,85 (g)
=> mH2 = 0,6 . 2 = 1,2 (g)
Bảo toàn khối lượng :
=> mX = 55,2 + 1,2 - 32,85 = 23,55 (g)
Ta có :
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x+2y=1,2\left(bt-e\right)\\133,5x+95y=55,2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\left(mol\right)\\y=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%mAl=\dfrac{0,2.27}{0,2.27+0,3.24}=42,85\%\\\%mMg=100\%-42,85\%=57,15\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a)
Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
b)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
0,3<-----------------0,3
=> mMg = 0,3.24 = 7,2 (g)
=> mAg = 10,4 - 7,2 = 3,2 (g)
c) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{7,2}{10,4}.100\%=69,23\%\\\%m_{Ag}=\dfrac{3,2}{10,4}.100\%=30,77\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
a, \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
b, 24nMg + 27nAl = 6,12 (1)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Mg}+\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=0,12\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=0,12\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,12.24}{6,12}.100\%\approx47,06\%\\\%m_{Al}\approx52,94\%\end{matrix}\right.\)