(2,0 điểm) Cho phương trình \(\dfrac{3}{x+1}+\dfrac{5}{x}=0\).
a) Tìm ĐKXĐ của phương trình trên.
b) Giải phương trình trên.
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Đặt \(x+\dfrac{1}{x}=a;y+\dfrac{1}{y}=b\left(\left|a\right|\ge2;\left|b\right|\ge2\right)\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+\dfrac{1}{x}+y+\dfrac{1}{y}=5\\x^3+y^3+\dfrac{1}{x^3}+\dfrac{1}{y^3}=15m-25\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+\dfrac{1}{x}+y+\dfrac{1}{y}=5\\\left(x^3+\dfrac{1}{x^3}\right)+\left(y^3+\dfrac{1}{y^3}\right)=15m-25\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+\dfrac{1}{x}+y+\dfrac{1}{y}=5\\\left(x+\dfrac{1}{x}\right)^3-3\left(x+\dfrac{1}{x}\right)+\left(y+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^3-3\left(y+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)=15m-25\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+\dfrac{1}{x}+y+\dfrac{1}{y}=5\\\left(x+\dfrac{1}{x}\right)^3+\left(y+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^3-3\left(x+\dfrac{1}{x}+y+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)=15m-25\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+\dfrac{1}{x}+y+\dfrac{1}{y}=5\\\left(x+\dfrac{1}{x}\right)^3+\left(y+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^3=15m-10\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=5\\a^3+b^3=15m-10\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=5\\\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)=15m-10\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=5\\125-15ab=15m-10\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=5\\ab=9-m\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow a,b\) là nghiệm của phương trình \(t^2-5t+9-m=0\left(1\right)\)
a, Nếu \(m=3\), phương trình \(\left(1\right)\) trở thành
\(t^2-5t+6=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=2\\t=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=2\\b=3\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=3\\b=2\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH1: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+\dfrac{1}{x}=2\\y+\dfrac{1}{y}=3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-1\right)^2=0\\y^2-3y+1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=\dfrac{3\pm\sqrt{5}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH2: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+\dfrac{1}{x}=3\\y+\dfrac{1}{y}=2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{3\pm\sqrt{5}}{2}\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy ...
b, \(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow t=\dfrac{5\pm\sqrt{4m-11}}{2}\left(m\ge\dfrac{11}{4}\right)\)
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{5\pm\sqrt{4m-11}}{2}\\b=\dfrac{5\mp\sqrt{4m-11}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+\dfrac{1}{x}=\dfrac{5\pm\sqrt{4m-11}}{2}\\y+\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{5\mp\sqrt{4m-11}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x^2-\left(5\pm\sqrt{4m-11}\right)+2=0\left(2\right)\\2y^2-\left(5\mp\sqrt{4m-11}\right)+2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
Yêu cầu bài toán thỏa mãn khi phương trình \(\left(2\right)\) có nghiệm dương
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\Delta=\left(5\pm\sqrt{4m-11}\right)^2-16\ge0\\\dfrac{5\pm\sqrt{4m-11}}{2}>0\\1>0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow...\)
a: Thay m=-5 vào (1), ta được:
\(x^2+2\left(-5+1\right)x-5-4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-8x-9=0\)
=>(x-9)(x+1)=0
=>x=9 hoặc x=-1
b: \(\text{Δ}=\left(2m+2\right)^2-4\left(m-4\right)=4m^2+8m+4-4m+16=4m^2+4m+20>0\)
Do đó: Phương trình luôn có hai nghiệm phân biệt
\(\dfrac{x_1}{x_2}+\dfrac{x_2}{x_1}=-3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x_1^2+x_2^2=-3x_1x_2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x_1+x_2\right)^2+x_1x_2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2m+2\right)^2+m-4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4m^2+9m=0\)
=>m(4m+9)=0
=>m=0 hoặc m=-9/4
Lời giải:
Để pt có 2 nghiệm $x_1,x_2$ thì:
$\Delta'=1+(3+m)=4+m\geq 0\Leftrightarrow m\geq -4$ (chứ không phải với mọi m như đề bạn nhé)!
Áp dụng định lý Viet: \(\left\{\begin{matrix} x_1+x_2=-2\\ x_1x_2=-(m+3)\end{matrix}\right.\)
$x_1, x_2\neq 0\Leftrightarrow -(m+3)\neq 0\Leftrightarrow m\neq -3$
$\frac{x_1}{x_2}-\frac{x_2}{x_1}=\frac{-8}{3}$
$\Leftrightarrow \frac{x_1^2-x_2^2}{x_1x_2}=\frac{-8}{3}$
$\Leftrightarrow \frac{-2(x_1-x_2)}{-(m+3)}=\frac{-8}{3}$
$\Leftrightarrow x_1-x_2=\frac{4}{3}(m+3)$
$\Rightarrow (x_1-x_2)^2=\frac{16}{9}(m+3)^2$
$\Leftrightarrow (x_1+x_2)^2-4x_1x_2=\frac{16}{9}(m+3)^2$
$\Leftrightarrow 4+4(m+3)=\frac{16}{9}(m+3)^2$
$\Leftrightarrow m+3=3$ hoặc $m+3=\frac{-3}{4}$
$\Leftrightarrow m=0$ hoặc $m=\frac{-15}{4}$ (đều thỏa mãn)
Bài 1:
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{2}{x}=1\\\dfrac{1}{x}-\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{1}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=\dfrac{10}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bài 2:
Theo đề, ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2a-3b=4\\-a-2b=4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2a-3b=4\\-2a-4b=8\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b=-\dfrac{12}{7}\\a=-\dfrac{4}{7}\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, ĐK: \(x\ne8\)
\(A=\dfrac{x-5}{x-8}>0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-5>0\\x-8>0\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-5< 0\\x-8< 0\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x>5\\x>8\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x< 5\\x< 8\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x>8\\x< 5\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(ĐKXĐ:x-3\ne0\Rightarrow x\ne3;x-1\ne0\Rightarrow x\ne1\\ \dfrac{1}{x-3}+2-1-\dfrac{5}{x-1}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x-3}+1-\dfrac{5}{x-1}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1+x-3}{x-3}-\dfrac{5}{x-1}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{-2+x}{x-3}-\dfrac{5}{x-1}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(-2+x\right)\left(x-1\right)}{\left(x-3\right)\left(x-1\right)}-\dfrac{5\left(x-3\right)}{\left(x-3\right)\left(x-1\right)}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2-3x+2}{\left(x-3\right)\left(x-1\right)}-\dfrac{5x-15}{\left(x-3\right)\left(x-1\right)}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2-3x+2-5x+15}{\left(x-3\right)\left(x-1\right)}=0\\ \Rightarrow x^2-8x+17=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-8x+16\right)+1=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-4\right)^2=-1\left(vô lí\right)\)
suy ra pt vô nghiệm
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x+10}{2012}+1+\dfrac{x+8}{2014}+1+\dfrac{x+6}{2016}+1+\dfrac{x+4}{2018}+1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x+2022}{2012}+\dfrac{x+2022}{2014}+\dfrac{x+2022}{2016}+\dfrac{x+2022}{2018}=0\Leftrightarrow x=-2022\)
do 2 pt tương đường nhau nên x = -2022 cũng là nghiệm của pt
\(\left(m-1\right)x+2020m-6=0\)
thay vào ta được : \(-2022\left(m-1\right)+2020m-6=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-2m+2022-6=0\Leftrightarrow-2m=-2016\Leftrightarrow m=1008\)
a) \(ĐKXĐ:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+1\ne0\\x\ne0\end{matrix}\right.< =>x\ne\left\{0;-1\right\}\)
b) \(\dfrac{3}{x+1}+\dfrac{5}{x}=0\\ < =>\dfrac{3x+5\left(x+1\right)}{x\left(x+1\right)}=0\\ =>3x+5\left(x+1\right)=0\\ < =>3x+5x+5=0\\ < =>8x=-5\\ < =>x=-\dfrac{5}{8}\left(TMDK\right)\)
Vậy tập nghiệm phương trình : \(S=\left\{-\dfrac{5}{8}\right\}\)