Giải hệ pt:
1. \(\sqrt{x+2}\left(x-y+3\right)=\sqrt{y}\)
2. \(x^2+\left(x+3\right)\left(2x-y+5\right)=x+16\)
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ĐKXĐ: ...
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x+2}=a\ge0\\\sqrt{y}=b\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\) thì pt đầu trở thành:
\(a\left(a^2-b^2+1\right)=b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)+a-b=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2+ab+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=b\Rightarrow\sqrt{x+2}=\sqrt{y}\Rightarrow y=x+2\)
Thay xuống pt dưới:
\(x^2+\left(x+3\right)\left(x+3\right)=x+16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+5x-7=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\Rightarrow y=3\\x=-\dfrac{2}{7}\left(loại\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}xy\left(x+y\right)=2\\\left(x+y\right)^3-3xy\left(x+y\right)+\left(xy\right)^3+7\left(xy+x+y+1\right)=31\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}xy\left(x+y\right)=2\\\left(x+y\right)^3+\left(xy\right)^3+7\left(xy+x+y\right)=30\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=u\\xy=v\end{matrix}\right.\) với \(u^2\ge4v\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}uv=2\\u^3+v^3+7\left(u+v\right)=30\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}uv=2\\\left(u+v\right)^3-3uv\left(u+v\right)+7\left(u+v\right)=30\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}uv=2\\\left(u+v\right)^3+\left(u+v\right)-30=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}uv=2\\u+v=3\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=2\\v=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=2\\xy=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left(x;y\right)=\left(1;1\right)\)
2.
ĐKXĐ: \(0\le x\le\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow9x\left(3-2x\right)+81+54\sqrt{x\left(3-2x\right)}=49x+25\left(3-2x\right)+70\sqrt{x\left(3-2x\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow9x^2-14x-3+8\sqrt{x\left(3-2x\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow9\left(x^2-2x+1\right)-4\left(3-x-2\sqrt{x\left(3-2x\right)}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow9\left(x-1\right)^2-\dfrac{36\left(x-1\right)^2}{3-x+2\sqrt{x\left(3-2x\right)}}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow9\left(x-1\right)^2\left(1-\dfrac{4}{3-x+2\sqrt{x\left(3-2x\right)}}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\3-x+2\sqrt{x\left(3-2x\right)}=4\left(1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{x\left(3-2x\right)}=x+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x\left(3-2x\right)=x^2+2x+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow9x^2-10x+1=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=\dfrac{1}{9}\end{matrix}\right.\)
ĐKXĐ : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge-1\\y\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có : \(x+\sqrt{\left(x+1\right).y}=2y-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+1+\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)y}-2y=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x+1}-\sqrt{y}\right)\left(\sqrt{x+1}+2\sqrt{y}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x+1}=\sqrt{y}\left(1\right)\\\sqrt{x+1}+2\sqrt{y}=0\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Từ (2) ta có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+1=0\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\) (tm)
Thử lại ta có (x;y) = (-1;0) là 1 nghiệm của hệ phương trình
Từ (1) ta có : x + 1 = y
Khi đó \(\sqrt{2x+3}+\sqrt{y}=x^2-y\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x+3}+\sqrt{x+1}=x^2-x-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{2x+3}-3\right)+\left(\sqrt{x+1}-2\right)=x^2-x-6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2x-6}{\sqrt{2x+3}+3}+\dfrac{x-3}{\sqrt{x+1}+2}=\left(x-3\right)\left(x+2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{2x+3}+3}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x+1}+2}=x+2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Với x = 3 => y = 4 (tm)
Với \(\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{2x+3}+3}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x+1}+2}=x+2\)
Vì \(x\ge-1\) nên \(\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{2x+3}+3}\le\dfrac{1}{2};\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x+1}+2}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\)
nên \(VT\le\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}=1\)
lại có \(VP\ge1\) khi x \(\ge-1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x = -1 => y = 0 (tm)
Vậy (x;y) = (-1;0) ; (3;4)
đk: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge-1\\y\ge0\\x^2>y\end{matrix}\right.\)
pt đầu \(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)y}=2y-x-1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+1\right)y=4y^2+x^2+1+2x-4xy-4y\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+4y^2-5xy+2x-5y+1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)\left(x-4y\right)+\left(x-y\right)+\left(x-4y\right)+1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y+1\right)\left(x-4y+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=x+1\\x=4y-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH1: \(y=x+1\) thay vào pt thứ hai, ta được
\(\sqrt{2x+3}+\sqrt{x+1}=x^2-x-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{2x+3}-3\right)+\left(\sqrt{x+1}-2\right)=x^2-x-6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2x-6}{\sqrt{2x+3}+3}+\dfrac{x-3}{\sqrt{x+1}+2}-\left(x-3\right)\left(x+2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)\left(\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{2x+3}+3}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x+1}+2}-x+2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=3\left(nhận\right)\\\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{2x+3}+3}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x+1}+2}-x+2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH1.1: \(x=3\Rightarrow y=x+1=4\) (nhận)
TH1.2:\(\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{2x+3}+3}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x+1}+2}-x+2=0\) (chỗ này mai mình nghĩ tiếp)
TH2: \(x=4y-1\). Thay vào pt thứ hai, ta được
\(\sqrt{8y+1}+\sqrt{y}=16y^2-9y+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{8y+1}-1\right)+\sqrt{y}=16y^2-9y\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{8y}{\sqrt{8y+1}+1}+\dfrac{y}{\sqrt{y}}-16y^2+9y=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y\left(\dfrac{8}{\sqrt{8y+1}+1}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}-16y+9\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=0\\\dfrac{8}{\sqrt{8y+1}+1}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}-16y+9=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH2.1: \(y=0\) \(\Rightarrow x=4y-1=-1\) (nhận)
TH2.2: \(\dfrac{8}{\sqrt{8y+1}+1}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}-16y+9=0\)
(đoạn này để mai mình nghĩ tiếp nhé, ta tìm được các nghiệm \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(-1;0\right);\left(3;4\right)\))
Điều kiện x>=-2; y>=0; x>=y-3
Ta xét PT thứ nhất
Đặt √(x+2) = a; √y = b (a,b>=0)
Thì PT thành a(a2 - b2 + 1) - b = 0
<=> a3 - ab2 + a - b = 0
<=> a(a - b)(a + b) + (a -b) =0
<=> (a - b)(a2 + ab + 1)=0
Đễ thấy a2 + ab + 1 >0
Nên a =b
Thế vào ta được y = x + 2
Thay cái này vào PT còn lại là xong
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{x+2}\left(x-y+3\right)=\sqrt{y}\left(1\right)\\x^2+\left(x+3\right)\left(2x-y+5\right)=x+16\left(2\right)\end{cases}}\)
DKXD :x>=-2; y>=0
Đặt\(\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{x+2=a}\\x-y+3=b\end{cases}\left(a\ge0\right)}\)
Pt 1 có dạng \(ab=\sqrt{a^2-b+1}\Leftrightarrow a^2b^2=a^2-b+1\Leftrightarrow a^2\left(b-1\right)\left(b+1\right)+b-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(b-1\right)\left(a^2b+a^2+1\right)=0\)
+> b-1=0\(\Rightarrow b=1\Leftrightarrow x-y+3=1\)
\(\)Khi đó pt (2) \(\Leftrightarrow x^2+\left(x+3\right)\left(x+2+1\right)=x+16\Leftrightarrow x^2+\left(x+3\right)^2=x+16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+x^2+6x+9=x+16\Leftrightarrow2x^2+5x-7=0\)
Có : 2+5-7=0
Nên pt trên có 2 no \(x_1=1\left(tm\right);x_2=-\frac{7}{2}\left(ktm\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow1-y+3=1\Leftrightarrow y=3\left(tm\right)\)
+>\(a^2b+a^2+1=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3-y\right)+x+3=0\)(3)
Đặt \(x+3=m\). Pt(3) có dạng \(\left(m-1\right)\left(m-y\right)+m=0\Leftrightarrow m^2-m-my+y+m=0\Leftrightarrow m^2=y\left(m-1\right)\)
Nếu \(m-1=0\Leftrightarrow x+3-1=0\Leftrightarrow x=-2\left(tm\right)\Rightarrow y=0\left(tm\right)\)
Nhưng k tm pt 2
\(\Rightarrow m-1\ne0\Rightarrow y=\frac{m^2}{m-1}=\frac{\left(x+3\right)^2}{x+2}\)
Thay vào pt (2) ta được \(x^2+\left(x+3\right)\left(2x+5-\frac{\left(x+3\right)^2}{x+2}\right)=x+16\)
ĐẾn đây tự nhân chéo chuển vế ta được \(2x^3+7x^2-8x-29=0\)
a, ĐK: \(x,y\ge0\)
\(hpt\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{3\sqrt{y}}{\sqrt{x+3}-\sqrt{x}}=3\\\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}=x+1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}=\sqrt{x+3}\\\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}=x+1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x+3}=x+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+3=x^2+2x+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=-2\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Thay \(x=1\) vào hệ phương trình đã cho ta được \(y=1\)
Vậy pt đã cho có nghiệm \(x=y=1\)
b, \(hpt\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2=\left(y+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\\x^2+y^2=3\left(x+y\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=y\\x+y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\\x^2+y^2=3\left(x+y\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=y\\x^2-3x=0\end{matrix}\right.\left(1\right)\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-1\\x^2+y^2=-3\end{matrix}\right.\left(vn\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=y=3\\x=y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy ...
Điều kiện x\(\ge-2:y\ge0.\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{x+2}=u:\sqrt{y}=v\)
(1) \(\Leftrightarrow\left(u^2-v^2+1\right)u=v\)
\(\Leftrightarrow u\left(u+v\right)\left(u-v\right)+u-v\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(u-v\right)\left[u\left(u+v\right)+1\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow u=v\) hay \(\sqrt{x+2}=\sqrt{y}\) => y= x+2 Thay vào (2) ta có Nghiệm của hệ PT (x=1: y=3)
a, \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=4\\\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x^3+y^3\right)=280\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=4\\\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2-xy\right)=70\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=4\\\left(16-2xy\right)\left(16-3xy\right)=70\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=4\\3x^2y^2-40xy+93=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=4\\\left[{}\begin{matrix}xy=\dfrac{31}{3}\\xy=3\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH1: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=4\\xy=3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=3\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH2: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=4\\xy=\dfrac{31}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Phương trình này vô nghiệm
Vậy hệ đã cho có nghiệm \(\left(x;y\right)\in\left\{\left(1;3\right);\left(3;1\right)\right\}\)
b, ĐK: \(xy>0\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{\dfrac{2x}{y}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{2y}{x}}=3\\x-y+xy=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{2x}{y}+\dfrac{2y}{x}+4=9\\x-y+xy=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2\left(x^2+y^2\right)=5xy\\x-y+xy=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(2x-y\right)\left(x-2y\right)=0\\x-y+xy=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x=y\\x=2y\end{matrix}\right.\\x-y+xy=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH1: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=2x\\x-y+xy=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=2x\\2x^2-x-3=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=2x\\\left(x+1\right)\left(2x-3\right)=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-2\\x=-1\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=3\\x=\dfrac{3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH2: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2y\\x-y+xy=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2y\\2y^2+y-3=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\y=\dfrac{3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy ...
DKXD:\(x\ge-2;y\ge0\)
Đặt \(x+2=a;y=b\)từ phương trình (1) ta có:
\(\sqrt{a}\left(a+1-b\right)=\sqrt{b}\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{a}\left(a-b\right)+\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)\left(a+\sqrt{a}b+1\right)=0\)\(\Rightarrow a=b\) hoac \(a+\sqrt{a}b+1=0\)(loai vi \(\ge1\))
ta có\(\sqrt{a}=\sqrt{b}\Rightarrow y=x+2\)
Thay vào phương trình (2), ta có:
\(x^2+\left(x+3\right)\left(2x-x-2+5\right)-x-16=0\)
\(x^2+x^2+6x+9-x-16=0\Leftrightarrow2x^2+5x-7=0\)
Giải phương trình ta được: \(x=1\left(TM\right);x=-\frac{7}{2}\left(KTM\right)\)
Voi \(x=1\Rightarrow y=3\)
Vậy phương trình có nghiệm\(\left(x;y\right)=\left(1;3\right)\)