Cho \(\frac{1}{a}\)+ \(\frac{1}{b}\)+ \(\frac{1}{c}\)= \(\frac{1}{a+b+c}\).Chứng minh rằng : \(\frac{1}{a^3}\)+ \(\frac{1}{b^3}\) + \(\frac{1}{c^3}\)= \(\frac{1}{a^3+b^3+c^3}\)
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\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}=\frac{1}{a+b+c}-\frac{1}{c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b}{ab}=\frac{c-\left(a+b+c\right)}{c\left(a+b+c\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b}{ab}=\frac{-\left(a+b\right)}{ac+bc+c^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(ac+bc+c^2\right)=-\left(a+b\right)ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(ac+bc+c^2\right)+\left(a+b\right)ab=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(ac+bc+c^2+ab\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)=0\)
=> a = - b or b = - c or c = - a
Với a = - b thì :
\(\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}=\frac{1}{-b^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}=\frac{1}{c^3}\)(1)
\(\frac{1}{a^3+b^3+c^3}=\frac{1}{-b^3+b^3+c^3}=\frac{1}{c^3}\)(2)
Từ (1);(2) \(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}=\frac{1}{a^3+b^3+c^3}\)
Xet 2 TH còn lại (b = - c; c = - a) ta cx có : \(\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}=\frac{1}{a^3+b^3+c^3}\)
=> đpcm
Đặt \(\left(\frac{1}{a},\frac{1}{b},\frac{1}{c}\right)=\left(x,y,z\right)\)
=> x+y+z=0
Có \(x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz\)
=\(\left(x+y\right)^3+z^3-3xy\left(x+y\right)-3xyz=\left(x+y+z\right)\left[\left(x+y\right)^2-z\left(x+y\right)+z^2\right]-3xy\left(x+y+z\right)\)
=\(\left(x+y+z\right)\left[\left(x+y\right)^2-z\left(x+y\right)+z^2-3xy\right]\)
=0( do x+y+z=0)
=> \(x^3+y^3+z^3=3xyz\)
<=> \(\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}=\frac{3}{abc}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cô-si ta có:
\(\dfrac{a^2}{b^3}+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{a}\ge\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{a^2}{b^3}.\dfrac{1}{a}.\dfrac{1}{a}}=\dfrac{3}{b}\)
\(\dfrac{c^2}{a^3}+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{c^2}{a^3}.\dfrac{1}{c}.\dfrac{1}{c}}=\dfrac{3}{a}\)
\(\dfrac{c^2}{a^3}+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{c^2}{a^3}.\dfrac{1}{c}.\dfrac{1}{c}}=\dfrac{3}{a}\)
Cộng theo vế ta được:
\(\dfrac{a^2}{b^3}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^3}+\dfrac{a^2}{a^3}+\dfrac{2}{a}+\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\ge3\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b^3}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^3}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^3}\ge\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\)
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{bc}{abc}+\frac{ac}{abc}+\frac{ab}{abc}=\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}=\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)=abc\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2b+ab^2+abc+abc+b^2c+bc^2+a^2c+abc+ac^2=abc\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2b+2abc+bc^2+ab^2+b^2c+a^2c+ac^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow b\left(a^2+2ac+c^2\right)+\left(ab^2+b^2c\right)+\left(a^2c+ac^2\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow b\left(a+c\right)^2+b^2\left(a+c\right)+ac\left(a+c\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+c\right)\left(ab+bc+b^2+ac\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+c\right)\left[\left(ab+b^2\right)+\left(bc+ac\right)\right]=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+c\right)\left[b\left(a+b\right)+c\left(a+b\right)\right]=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)=0\)\(\left[đpcm\left(a\right)\right]\)
\(\Rightarrow\)* \(a+b=0\Rightarrow a=-b\)
* \(b+c=0\Rightarrow b=-c\)
* \(a+c=0\Rightarrow a=-c\)
Trường hợp 1 : Nếu \(a=-b\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}=\frac{1}{-b^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}\)\(=\frac{1}{b^3}-\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}=\frac{1}{c^3}\)
Mà : \(\frac{1}{a^3+b^3+c^3}=\frac{1}{-b^3+b^3+c^3}=\frac{1}{c^3}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}=\frac{1}{a^3+b^3+c^3}\)\(\left[đpcm\left(b\right)\right]\)
Hai trường hợp còn lại xét tương tự nhé
\(\frac{a^2}{b^3}+\frac{b^2}{c^3}+\frac{c^2}{a^3}=\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\)
=> \(\frac{a^2}{b^3}+\frac{b^2}{c^3}+\frac{c^2}{a^3}=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\)
\(\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2=\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{zx}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+y+z=0\)
Ta có
\(x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x^3+y^3+z^3=3xyz\)
=> ĐPCM
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=\frac{1}{x+y+z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2y+x^2z+y^2z+y^2x+z^2x+z^2y+2xyz=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)=0\)
Với x + y = 0 <=> x = - y thì
\(\frac{1}{x^3}+\frac{1}{y^3}+\frac{1}{z^3}=\frac{1}{x^3+y^3+z^3}\)
\(\frac{1}{z^3}=\frac{1}{z^3}\)(đúng)
Tương tự với các trường hợp còn lại