Cho 150g dd axit axetic 12% phản ứng với dd K2CO3 10,3% sau phàn ứng thu được chất khí A và dd B
a) Tính khối lượng dd K2CO3
b) Tính thể tích khí A ở đktc
c) Tính nồng độ % dd B sau phản ứng
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a) $n_{Al} = \dfrac{5,4}{27} = 0,2(mol)$
$2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2$
$n_{HCl} = 3n_{Al} = 0,6(mol)$
$m_{HCl} = 0,6.36,5 = 21,9(gam)$
b) $n_{H_2} = \dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al} = 0,3(mol)$
$V_{H_2} = 0,3.22,4 = 6,72(lít)$
c)
$m_{dd\ sau\ pư} = 5,4 + 200 - 0,3.2 = 204,8(gam)$
$m_{HCl\ dư} = 200.20\% - 21,9 = 18,1(gam)$
$C\%_{HCl} = \dfrac{18,1}{204,8}.100\% = 8,84\%$
$C\%_{AlCl_3} = \dfrac{0,2.133,5}{204,8}.100\% = 13,04\%$
a) nAl=5,427=0,2(mol)nAl=5,427=0,2(mol)
2Al+6HCl→2AlCl3+3H22Al+6HCl→2AlCl3+3H2
nHCl=3nAl=0,6(mol)
mHCl=0,6.36,5=21,9(gam)mHCl=0,6.36,5=21,9(gam)
b) nH2=32nAl=0,3(mol)nH2=32nAl=0,3(mol)
VH2=0,3.22,4=6,72(lít)VH2=0,3.22,4=6,72(lít)
c)
mdd sau pư=5,4+200−0,3.2=204,8(gam)
mHCl dư=200.20%−21,9=18,1(gam)mHCl dư=200.20%−21,9=18,1(gam)
C%HCl=18,1204,8.100%=8,84%C%HCl=18,1204,8.100%=8,84%
C%AlCl3=0,2.133,5204,8.100%=13,04%
a)
$Fe + H_2SO_4 \to FeSO_4 + H_2$
Theo PTHH :
$n_{Fe} = n_{H_2} = \dfrac{3,36}{22,4} = 0,15(mol)$
$m_{Fe} = 0,15.56 = 8,4(gam)$
b)
$n_{H_2SO_4} = n_{H_2} = 0,15(mol)$
$C_{M_{H_2SO_4}} = \dfrac{0,15}{0,05} = 3M$
c)
$n_{FeSO_4} = n_{H_2} = 0,15(mol)$
$C_{M_{FeSO_4}} = \dfrac{0,15}{0,05} = 3M$
a) \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{0,4958}{24,79}=0,02\left(mol\right);n_{HCl}=0,6.1=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\)
0,02<------0,04<----0,02<-----0,02
\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(p\text{ư}\right)}< n_{HCl\left(b\text{đ}\right)}\left(0,04< 0,6\right)\Rightarrow HCl\) dư, \(CaCO_3\) tan hết
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{CaCO_3}=0,02.100=2\left(g\right)\\m_{CaSO_4}=5-2=3\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) dd sau phản ứng có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl\left(d\text{ư}\right)}=0,6-0,04=0,56\left(mol\right)\\n_{CaCl_2}=0,02\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M\left(HCl\left(d\text{ư}\right)\right)}=\dfrac{0,56}{0,6}=\dfrac{14}{15}M\\C_{M\left(CaCl_2\right)}=\dfrac{0,02}{0,6}=\dfrac{1}{30}M\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{Na2CO3}=\dfrac{10,6}{106}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(2CH_3COOH+Na_2CO_3\rightarrow2CH3OONa+CO_2+H_2O\)
0,2 0,1 0,2 0,1
a) \(V_{CO2\left(dktc\right)}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\)
\(C_{MCH3COOH}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5\left(M\right)\)
b) \(C_{MCH3COONa}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,2}=1\left(M\right)\)
Chúc bạn học tốt
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2mol\)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
0,2 0,4 0,2 0,2
a)\(m_{HCl}=0,4\cdot36,5=14,6g\)
\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{14,6}{18,25\%}\cdot100\%=80g\)
b)\(V_{H_2}=0,2\cdot22,4=4,48l\)
c)\(m_{H_2}=0,2\cdot2=0,4g\)
BTKL: \(m_{Zn}+m_{ddHCl}=m_{ddZnCl_2}+m_{H_2}\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddZnCl_2}=13+80-0,4=92,6g\)
\(m_{ctZnCl_2}=0,2\cdot136=27,2g\)
\(C\%=\dfrac{27,2}{92,6}\cdot100\%=29,37\%\)
\(n_{Na_2CO_3}=\dfrac{360.21,2\%}{100\%.106}=0,72(mol)\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=2,5.0,2=0,5(mol)\\ PTHH:Na_2CO_3+H_2SO_4\to Na_2SO_4+H_2O+CO_2\uparrow\\ a,\text {Vì }\dfrac{n_{Na_2CO_3}}{1}>\dfrac{n_{H_2SO_4}}{1} \text {nên }Na_2CO_3\text { dư}\\ \Rightarrow n_{CO_2}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,5(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{CO_2}=0,5.22,4=11,2(l)\\\)
\(b,A:Na_2SO_4\\ n_{Na_2SO_4}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,5(mol)\\ m_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=200.1,1=220(g);V_{dd_{Na_2CO_3}}=\dfrac{360}{1,2}=300(ml)=0,3(l)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,5.142}{360+200-0,5.44}.100\%=13,2\%\\ C_{M_{Na_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,5}{0,3+0,2}=1M\)
\(n_{BaSO_4}=\dfrac{58.25}{233}=0.25\left(mol\right)\)
\(BaCl_2+SO_3+H_2O\rightarrow BaSO_4+2HCl\)
\(0.25........0.25.......................0.25........0.5\)
\(V_{SO_3}=0.25\cdot22.4=5.6\left(l\right)\)
\(m_{dd_{BaCl_2}}=\dfrac{0.25\cdot208}{20\%}=260\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{dd}=m_{SO_3}+m_{dd_{BaCl_2}}-m_{BaSO_4}=0.25\cdot80+260-58.25=221.75\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0.5\cdot36.5}{221.75}\cdot100\%=8.2\%\)
Sửa đề cho dễ làm : dd K2CO3 13,8%
PTHH: \(2CH_3COOH+K_2CO_3\rightarrow2CH_3COOK+H_2O+CO_2\uparrow\)
a+b) Ta có: \(n_{CH_3COOH}=\dfrac{150\cdot12\%}{60}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{K_2CO_3}=n_{CO_2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{ddK_2CO_3}=\dfrac{0,15\cdot138}{13,8\%}=150\left(g\right)\\V_{CO_2}=0,15\cdot22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) Theo PTHH:: \(n_{CH_3COOK}=0,3\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{CH_3COOK}=0,3\cdot98=29,4\left(g\right)\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{CO_2}=0,15\cdot44=6,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd}=m_{ddCH_3COOH}+m_{ddK_2CO_3}-m_{CO_2}=293,4\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{CH_3COOK}=\dfrac{29,4}{293,4}\cdot100\%\approx10,02\%\)